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Alvarezsaurus ✝

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Description

Alvarezsaurus ("Alvarez's lizard") is a genus of small alvarezsaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous, living in Argentina approximately 86 – 83 million years ago. Estimates suggest that it measured about 1.4 meters (4.6 ft) in length and weighed approximately 2.27-9.1 kg (5-20 lbs). In 2010, Gregory S. Paul estimated its weight at 3 kg and length at 1 m. It was found in the Bajo de la Carpa Formation and was named by paleontologist José Bonaparte in 1991 after the historian Don Gregorio Alvarez. The type species is A. calvoi.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvarezsaurus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4822806	https://www.gbif.org/species/4822806
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	64774	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64774

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Alvarezsauridae : Alvarezsaurus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Avetheropoda : Alvarezsauridae : Alvarezsaurus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
family	Alvarezsauridae	Bonaparte 1991
genus	Alvarezsaurus	Bonaparte 1991

Scientific Name

Alvarezsaurus Bonaparte, 1991

Name Published In

Bonaparte, José F. 1991. Los vertebrados fósiles de la formación Río Colorado, de la ciudad de Neuquén y cercanías, Cretácico Superior, Argentina. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia e Instituto Nacional de Investigación de las Ciencias Naturales. Paleontología 4(3): 17-123.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Alvarezsaurus	genus	belongs to Alvarezsauridae	stated without evidence	Bonaparte, 1991
Alvarezsaurus	genus	belongs to Maniraptora	stated without evidence	Holtz, 1995
Alvarezsaurus	genus	belongs to Alvarezsauridae	stated with evidence	Bonaparte, 1996
Alvarezsaurus	genus	belongs to Alvarezsauridae	stated without evidence	Chiappe, 1996
Alvarezsaurus	genus	belongs to Alvarezsauridae	stated with evidence	Chiappe, 2002
Alvarezsaurus	genus	belongs to Alvarezsauridae	stated without evidence	Padian, 2004
Alvarezsaurus	genus	belongs to Alvarezsauridae	stated with evidence	Martinelli and Vera, 2007
Alvarezsaurus	genus	belongs to Alvarezsauridae	stated without evidence	Salgado et al., 2009
Alvarezsaurus	genus	belongs to Alvarezsauridae	stated with evidence	Choiniere et al., 2010
Alvarezsaurus	genus	belongs to Alvarezsauridae	stated without evidence	Nesbitt et al., 2011
Alvarezsaurus	genus	belongs to Alvarezsauridae	stated with evidence	Agnolin et al., 2012
Alvarezsaurus	genus	belongs to Alvarezsauridae	stated without evidence	Candeiro and Harris, 2012

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

86.3 - 83.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Last Recorded Appearance

86.3 - 83.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Theropoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Coelurosauria)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. F. Bonaparte. 1991. Los vertebrados fósiles de la Formación Rio Colorado, de la Ciudad de Neuquén y Cercanías, Cretácico Superior, Argentina [The vertebrate fossils of the Rio Colorado Formation, from the city of Neuquén and surrounding areas, Upper Cretaceous, Argentina]. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" e Instituto Nacional de Investigación de las Ciencias Naturales: Paleontología 4(3):17-123

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvarezsaurus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Alvarezsaurus calvoi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1991	Alvarezsaurus Bonaparte p. 82
1994	Alvarezsaurus Novas
1995	Alvarezsaurus Holtz, Jr. p. 35A
1996	Alvarezsaurus Bonaparte p. 95
1996	Alvarezsaurus Chiappe p. 541
1996	Alvarezsaurus Chiappe et al. p. 560 fig. 2
1996	Alvarezsaurus Novas p. 676 fig. 1
1997	Alvarezsaurus Novas p. 162 fig. 32
1998	Alvarezsaurus Chiappe et al. p. 277 fig. 4
2002	Alvarezsaurus Chiappe p. 451 fig. 20.1
2002	Alvarezsaurus Chiappe et al. p. 90

Year	Name and Author
2004	Alvarezsaurus Padian p. 211
2006	Alvarezsaurus Martínez and Novas p. 243
2007	Alvarezsaurus Martinelli and Vera p. 12
2009	Alvarezsaurus Longrich and Currie p. 246 fig. 11
2009	Alvarezsaurus Salgado et al. p. 77
2009	Alvarezsaurus Turner et al. p. 3
2010	Alvarezsaurus Choiniere et al. p. 573 fig. 2
2010	Alvarezsaurus Xu et al. p. 14 fig. 8
2011	Alvarezsaurus Nesbitt et al. p. 149
2012	Alvarezsaurus Agnolin et al. p. 47
2012	Alvarezsaurus Candeiro and Harris p. 74

References

Bonaparte J. F. (1991) Los vertebrados fósiles de la Formación Rio Colorado, de la Ciudad de Neuquén y Cercanías, Cretácico Superior, Argentina [The vertebrate fossils of the Rio Colorado Formation, from the city of Neuquén and surrounding areas, Upper Cretaceous, Argentina], Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" e Instituto Nacional de Investigación de las Ciencias Naturales: Paleontología 4 3, 17-123

Novas F. E. (1994) Patagonykus puertai n. gen. et sp., and the phylogenetic relationships of the Alvarezsauridae (Theropoda, Maniraptora), VI Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía, R. Cúneo (ed), Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Trelew Abstracts

Bonaparte J. F. (1996) Cretaceous tetrapods of Argentina, Münchner Geowissenschaften Abhandlungen 30, 73-130

Chiappe L. M. (1996) Early avian evolution on the southern hemisphere: the fossil record of birds in the Mesozoic of Gondwana, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 39 3, 533-554

Novas F. E. (1996) Alvarezsauridae, Cretaceous basal birds from Patagonia and Mongolia, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 39 3, 675-702

Novas F. E. (1997) Anatomy of Patagonykus puertai (Theropoda, Avialae, Alvarezsauridae), from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17 1, 137-166

Chiappe L. M., Norell M. A., et al (1998) The skull of a relative of the stem-group bird Mononykus, Nature 392, 275-278

Chiappe L. M. (2002) Basal bird phylogeny: problems and solutions, Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley, 448-472

Padian K. (2004) Basal Avialae, In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, 210-231

Martínez R. D., Novas F. E. (2006) Aniksosaurus darwini gen. et sp. nov., a new coelurosaurian theropod from the early Late Cretaceous of central Patagonia, Argentina, Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, nuevo serie 8 2, 243-259

Martinelli A. G., Vera E. I. (2007) Achillesaurus manzzonei, a new alvarezsaurid theropod (Dinosauria) from the Late Cretaceous Bajo de la Carpa Formation, Río Negro Province, Argentina, Zootaxa 1582, 1-17

Longrich N. R., Currie P. J. (2009) Albertonykus borealis, a new alvarezsaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Maastrichtian of Alberta, Canada: implications for the systematics and ecology of the Alvarezsauridae, Cretaceous Research 30 1, 239-252 doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2008.07.005

Salgado L., Coria R. A., et al (2009) Restos de Alvarezsauridae (Theropoda, Coelurosauria) en la Formación Allen (Campaniano-Maastrictiano), en Salitral Ojo de Agua, Provincia de Río Negro, Argentina, Andean Geology 36 1, 67-80

Turner A. H., Nesbitt S. J., et al (2009) A large alvarezsaurid from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia, American Museum Novitates 3648, 1-14

Choiniere J. N., Xu X., et al (2010) A basal alvarezsauroid theropod from the early Late Jurassic of Xinjiang, China, Science 327 5965, 571-574 doi:10.1126/science.1182143

Xu X., Wang D.-Y., et al (2010) A basal parvicursorine (Theropoda: Alvarezsauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of China, Zootaxa 2413, 1-19

Nesbitt S. J., Clarke J. A., et al (2011) A small alvarezsaurid from the Eastern Gobi Desert offers insight into evolutionary patterns in the Alvarezsauroidea, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 1, 144-153 doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.540053

Agnolin F. L., Powell J. E., et al (2012) New alvarezsaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from uppermost Cretaceous of north-western Patagonia with associated eggs, Cretaceous Research 35 1, 33-56 doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2011.11.014

Candeiro C. R. A., Harris J. D. (2012) The tetrapod fauna of the Marília Formation (Bauru Group) at Peirópolis (Minas Gerais, Brazil): correlation with other Late Cretaceous Patagonian faunas, Revue de Paléobiology 31 1, 71-84

GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Revista del Museo Argentine de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" e Instituto National de Investigacion de las Ciencias Naturales Paleontologia 4 (3) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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