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Nyctosaurus

Description

Nyctosaurus is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur, the remains of which have been found in the Niobrara Formation of the mid-western United States, which, during the late Cretaceous Period, was covered in an extensive shallow sea. The genus Nyctosaurus has had numerous species referred to it, though how many of these may actually be valid requires further study. At least one species possessed an extraordinarily large antler-like cranial crest.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4818496https://www.gbif.org/species/4818496
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)100411https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=100411
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Nyctosauridae : Nyctosaurus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Nyctosaurus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-PterosauromorphaPadian 1997
-Pterosauria
suborderPterodactyloideaPlieninger 1901
genusNyctosaurusMarsh 1876
Scientific NameNyctosaurus Marsh, 1876
Name Published InAmer. J. Sci., (3) 12
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Nyctosaurusgenusreplaced by Nyctodactylusstated with evidenceZittel, 1890
Nyctosaurusgenusbelongs to Nyctosauridaestated without evidenceHay, 1902
Nyctosaurusgenusbelongs to Nyctosaurinaestated with evidenceWilliston, 1903
Nyctosaurusgenusbelongs to Ornithocheiridaestated without evidenceYoung, 1964
Nyctosaurussubgenusbelongs to Pteranodonstated with evidenceMiller, 1971
Nyctosaurusgenusbelongs to Pteranodontidaestated without evidenceSchoch, 1984
Nyctosaurusgenusbelongs to Nyctosauridaestated with evidenceBennett, 1989
Nyctosaurusgenusbelongs to Nyctosauridaestated without evidenceMurry et al., 1991
Nyctosaurusgenusbelongs to Ornithocheiroideastated with evidenceUnwin and Lü, 1997
Nyctosaurusgenusbelongs to Pteranodontiastated with evidenceUnwin, 2003
Nyctosaurusgenusbelongs to Ornithocheiroideastated without evidenceAndres et al., 2014
Nyctosaurusgenusbelongs to Pterodactyloideastated with evidenceHeadden and Campos, 2014
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)5
First Recorded Appearance89.3 - 83.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Last Recorded Appearance72.1 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Environmentmarine (based on Pterosauria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietpiscivore (based on Pterosauria)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)O. C. Marsh. 1876. Principal characters of American pterodactyls. American Journal of Science, Series 3 12:479-480
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyctosaurus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Nyctosaurus bonneri
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
185.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
85.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nyctosaurus gracilis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
389.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
85.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nyctosaurus lamegoi
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
172.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nyctosaurus nanus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
189.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1876Nyctosaurus Marsh p. 480
1881Nyctodactylus Marsh p. 343
1890Nyctodactylus Zittel p. 799
1902Nyctosaurus Hay p. 508
1903Nyctosaurus Williston p. 159
1964Nyctosaurus Young p. 251
1971Pteranodon (Nyctosaurus) Miller p. 10
YearName and Author
1984Nyctosaurus Schoch
1989Nyctosaurus Bennett
1991Nyctosaurus Murry et al. p. 168
1997Nyctosaurus Unwin and Lü
2003Nyctosaurus Unwin p. 145
2014Nyctosaurus Andres et al.
2014Nyctosaurus Headden and Campos

References

Marsh O. C. Principal characters of American pterodactyls, American Journal of Science, Series 3 12, 479-480
Marsh O. C. Note on American pterodactyls, American Journal of Science 31, 342-343
Zittel K. A. v. , Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)], xii-900
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Williston S. W. (1903) On the osteology of Nyctosaurus (Nyctodactylus), with notes on American pterosaurs, Field Columbian Museum Publications, Geological Series 2, 125-163
Young C.-C. (1964) On a new pterosaurian from Sinkiang, China, Vertebrata PalAsiatica 8 3, 221-255
Miller H. W. (1971) The taxonomy of the Pteranodon species from Kansas, Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 74 1, 1-19
Bennett S. C. (1989) A pteranodontid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Peru, with comments on the relationships of Cretaceous pterosaurs, Journal of Paleontology 63 5, 669-677
Murry P. A., Winkler D. A., et al (1991) An azhdarchid pterosaur humerus from the Lower Cretaceous Glen Rose Formation of Texas, Journal of Paleontology 65 1, 167-170
Unwin D. M., Lü J. (1997) On Zhejiangopterus and the relationships of pterodactyloid pterosaurs, Historical Biology 12, 199-210
Unwin D. M. (2003) On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs, Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs, Geological Society of London, Special Publications 217, 139-190
Andres B., Clark J., et al (2014) The earliest pterodactyloid and the origin of the group, Current Biology 24, 1-6
Headden J. A., Campos H. B. N. (2014) An unusual edentulous pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Romualdo Formation of Brazil, Historical Biology doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2014.904302
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Amer. J. Sci., (3) 12 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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