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Triarthrus

Description

Triarthrus is a genus of Upper Ordovician ptychopariid trilobite found in New York, Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana, eastern and northern Canada, China and Scandinavia. It is the last of the Olenid trilobites, a group which flourished in the Cambrian period. The specimens of T. eatoni that are found in the Beecher's Trilobite Bed, Rome, New York area are exquisitely preserved showing soft body parts in iron pyrite. Pyrite preservation has given scientists a rare opportunity to examine the gills, walking legs, antennae and digestive systems of trilobites, which are rarely preserved. Triarthrus is therefore commonly used in science texts to illustrate trilobite anatomy and physiology.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4634562https://www.gbif.org/species/4634562
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)21015https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=21015
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Ptychopariida : Olenidae : Triarthrus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Olenida : Olenidae : Triarthrus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-Bilateria
-EubilateriaAx 1987
-ProtostomiaGrobben 1908
-Ecdysozoa
-Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
subphylumMandibulata
classTrilobitaWalch 1771
orderOlenidaAdrain 2011
familyOlenidaeBurmeister 1843
subfamilyOleninaeBurmeister 1843
genusTriarthrusGreen 1832
Scientific NameTriarthrus Green, 1832
Name Published InMonthly Amer. J. Geol., 1
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Triarthrusgenusbelongs to Triarthrinaestated without evidenceHarrington and Leanza, 1957
Triarthrusgenusbelongs to Triarthrinaestated with evidenceNikolaisen, 1965
Triarthrusgenusbelongs to Oleninaestated with evidenceRobison and Pantoja-Alor, 1968
Triarthrusgenusbelongs to Triarthrinaestated with evidenceOwen, 1981
Triarthrusgenusbelongs to Olenidaestated without evidenceJell and Adrain, 2002
Triarthrusgenusbelongs to Ptychopariidasecond handSepkoski, 2002
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)18
First Recorded Appearance485 - 485 Ma
Paleozoic
Last Recorded Appearance450 - 444 Ma
Paleozoic
Environmentmarine (based on Trilobita)
Motilityfast-moving (based on Trilobita)
Visionwell-developed (based on Olenidae)
Dietcarnivore (based on Trilobita)
Ontogenymolting,addition of parts (based on Trilobita)
Ecospace CommentsBODY SIZE: Data from Harrington et al. (1959).
Taphonomylow Mg calcite, chitin (based on Trilobita)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarthrus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Triarthrus becki
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
4461 Ma
Middle Ordovician
461 Ma
Middle Ordovician
Triarthrus beckii
species
listed (PBDB)
Triarthrus billingsi
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Triarthrus canadensis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
4461 Ma
Middle Ordovician
461 Ma
Middle Ordovician
Triarthrus eatoni
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
19461 Ma
Middle Ordovician
452 Ma
Late/Upper Ordovician
Triarthrus glaber
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
2461 Ma
Middle Ordovician
452 Ma
Late/Upper Ordovician
Triarthrus huguesensis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
4461 Ma
Middle Ordovician
450 Ma
Late/Upper Ordovician
Triarthrus humilis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
4466 Ma
Middle Ordovician
450 Ma
Late/Upper Ordovician
Triarthrus linnarssoni
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1452 Ma
Late/Upper Ordovician
452 Ma
Late/Upper Ordovician
Triarthrus parchaensis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
25479 Ma
Early/Lower Ordovician
479 Ma
Early/Lower Ordovician
Triarthrus rectifrons
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
8485 Ma
Cambrian
485 Ma
Cambrian
Triarthrus rougensis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1452 Ma
Late/Upper Ordovician
452 Ma
Late/Upper Ordovician
Triarthrus shinetonensis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
4485 Ma
Cambrian
485 Ma
Cambrian
Triarthrus sichuansis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Triarthrus skutensis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1456 Ma
Late/Upper Ordovician
456 Ma
Late/Upper Ordovician
Triarthrus spinosus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
5461 Ma
Middle Ordovician
452 Ma
Late/Upper Ordovician
Triarthrus turkestanicus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Triarthrus variscorum
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1832Triarthrus Green
1957Triarthrus Harrington and Leanza
1959Triarthrus Poulsen
1965Triarthrus Nikolaisen
1968Triarthrus Robison and Pantoja-Alor p. 790
1981Triarthrus Owen
2002Triarthrus Jell and Adrain p. 455
2002Triarthrus Sepkoski, Jr.

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560
Harrington H. J., Leanza A. F. (1957) Ordovician trilobites of Argentina, Department of Geology, University of Kansas Special Publication. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press 1, 1-276
Nikolaisen F. (1965) The Middle Ordovician of the Oslo region, Norway. 18. Rare trilobites of the families Olenidae, Harpidae, Ityophoridae and Cheiruridae, Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 45, 231-248
Robison R. A., Pantoja-Alor J. (1968) Tremadocian trilobites from the Nochixtlan Region, Oaxaca, Mexico, Journal of Paleontology 42 3, 767-800
Owen A. W. (1981) The Ashgill Trilobites of the Oslo Region, Norway, Palaeontographica Abteilung A 175, 1-88
Jell P. A., Adrain J. M. (2002) Available generic names for trilobites, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 48 2, 331-553
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
extinct group - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Monthly Amer. J. Geol., 1 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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