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Encrinurus ✝

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Description

Encrinurus is a long-lived genus of phacopid trilobites that lived in what are now Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America from the middle Ordovician to the early Devonian from 472—412.3 mya, existing for approximately 59.7 million years.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encrinurus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4633244	https://www.gbif.org/species/4633244
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	21560	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=21560

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Phacopida : Encrinuridae : Encrinurus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
class	Trilobita	Walch 1771
order	Phacopida	Salter 1864
suborder	Cheirurina	Harrington and Leanza 1957
family	Encrinuridae	Angelin 1854
subfamily	Encrinurinae	Angelin 1854
genus	Encrinurus	Emmrich 1844

Scientific Name

Encrinurus Emmrich, 1844

Name Published In

Naturgesch. Trilobiten: 16

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Encrinurus	genus	belongs to Encrinuridae	stated without evidence	Raymond, 1916
Encrinurus	genus	belongs to Encrinuridae	stated with evidence	Warburg, 1925
Encrinurus	genus	belongs to Encrinuridae	stated without evidence	Phleger, 1933
Encrinurus	genus	belongs to Encrinurinae	stated with evidence	Nikolaisen, 1961
Encrinurus	genus	belongs to Encrinuridae	stated without evidence	Jell and Adrain, 2002
Encrinurus	genus	belongs to Phacopida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

479 - 466 Ma
Ordovician

Last Recorded Appearance

419 - 411 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian

Environment

marine (based on Trilobita)

Motility

fast-moving (based on Trilobita)

Vision

well-developed

Diet

carnivore (based on Trilobita)

Ontogeny

molting,addition of parts (based on Trilobita)

Ecospace Comments

BODY SIZE: Data from Harrington et al. (1959).

Taphonomy

low Mg calcite, chitin (based on Trilobita)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

H. F. Emmrich. 1844. Zur Naturgeschichte der Trilobiten

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encrinurus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Encrinurus anticostiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus balticus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus borenorensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	443 Ma Silurian	443 Ma Silurian
Encrinurus confusevarus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	441 Ma Silurian	441 Ma Silurian
Encrinurus cristatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus deomenos ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		26	441 Ma Silurian	439 Ma Silurian
Encrinurus diabolus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Encrinurus expansus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	439 Ma Silurian	433 Ma Silurian
Encrinurus fimbriatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Encrinurus hagshawensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	443 Ma Silurian	439 Ma Silurian
Encrinurus hastula ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician
Encrinurus hillboroensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus indianensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus ishii ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Encrinurus jini ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	441 Ma Silurian	439 Ma Silurian
Encrinurus kiltsiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus lamonti ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Encrinurus laurentinus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Encrinurus longi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	439 Ma Silurian	439 Ma Silurian
Encrinurus macrourus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus mamelon ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	427 Ma Silurian	427 Ma Silurian
Encrinurus moe species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus mullochensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	443 Ma Silurian	439 Ma Silurian
Encrinurus multisegmentatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Encrinurus niquivilensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	467 Ma Middle Ordovician	467 Ma Middle Ordovician
Encrinurus nodai ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Encrinurus octonarius ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician
Encrinurus ornatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus perceensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus pilistverensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus praecursor ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Encrinurus punctatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		28	443 Ma Silurian	426 Ma Silurian
Encrinurus quinquecostatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus ralfi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus reflexus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	443 Ma Silurian	433 Ma Silurian
Encrinurus rosensteinae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Encrinurus ruhnuensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus schisticola species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus schmidti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus similis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	427 Ma Silurian	427 Ma Silurian
Encrinurus spicatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Encrinurus squarrosus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	443 Ma Silurian	441 Ma Silurian
Encrinurus stateratus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	441 Ma Silurian	441 Ma Silurian
Encrinurus stenorhachis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	427 Ma Silurian	427 Ma Silurian
Encrinurus striatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Encrinurus subtrigonalis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	427 Ma Silurian	427 Ma Silurian
Encrinurus thresheri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus tosensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Encrinurus trispinosus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Encrinurus tuberculosis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Encrinurus yokokurensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	427 Ma Silurian	427 Ma Silurian

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1844	Encrinurus Emmrich
1916	Encrinurus Raymond p. 25
1925	Encrinurus Warburg
1933	Encrinurus Phleger, Jr. p. 12
1957	Encrinurus Harrington and Leanza
1961	Encrinurus Nikolaisen
2002	Encrinurus Jell and Adrain p. 371
2002	Encrinurus Sepkoski, Jr.

References

Emmrich H. F. , Zur Naturgeschichte der Trilobiten

Raymond P. E. (1916) New and old Silurian trilobites from Southeastern Wisconsin, with notes on the genera of the Illaenidae, Bulletin of the Musuem of Comparative Zoology 60 1, 1-42

Warburg E. (1925) The Trilobites of the Leptæna Limestone in Dalarne, Leptæna Limestone Trilobites, 1-446

Phleger, Jr. F. B. (1933) Notes on certain Ordovician faunas of the Inyo Mountains, California, Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 32 1, 1-21

Harrington H. J., Leanza A. F. (1957) Ordovician trilobites of Argentina, Department of Geology, University of Kansas Special Publication. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press 1, 1-276

Nikolaisen F. (1961) The Middle Ordovician of the Oslo Region, Norway 7. Trilobites of the suborder Cheirurina, Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 41, 279-310

Jell P. A., Adrain J. M. (2002) Available generic names for trilobites, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 48 2, 331-553

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

extinct group - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Naturg. Trilobiten - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 537 Designation under the Plenary Powers of type species in harmony with accustomed usage for the genera Encrinurus Emmrich, 1844, and Odontochile Hawle & Corda, 1847, and Vahdation under the same Powers of the specific name punctatus Wahlenberg, 1821, as published in the combination Entomostracites punctatus (class Trilobita).Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 20(4), 41-56 (1959) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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