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Howellites ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3251965	https://www.gbif.org/species/3251965
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	26807	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=26807

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Dalmanellidae : Howellites

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
-	Lophophorata
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805
subphylum	Rhynchonelliformea	Williams et al. 1996
class	Rhynchonellata	Williams et al. 1996
order	Orthida	Schuchert and Cooper 1932
suborder	Dalmanellidina	Moore 1952
superfamily	Dalmanelloidea	Schuchert 1913
family	Dalmanellidae	Schuchert 1913
subfamily	Dalmanellinae	Schuchert 1913
genus	Howellites	Bancroft 1945

Scientific Name

Howellites Bancroft, 1945

Name Published In

J. Paleont., 19

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Howellites	genus	belongs to Dalmanellinae	stated with evidence	Hints, 1975
Howellites	genus	belongs to Orthida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Howellites	genus	belongs to Dalmanellinae	stated with evidence	Liljeroth et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

467 - 461 Ma
Middle Ordovician

Last Recorded Appearance

411 - 408 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian

Motility

stationary, attached (based on Dalmanellidae)

Vision

blind (based on Rhynchonellata)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Dalmanellidae)

Ecospace Comments

BODY SIZE: Data from Williams et al (2002).

Taphonomy

minor ribbing

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Howellites aenigmus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Howellites amsdeni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Howellites hibernicus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Howellites wesenbergensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	38	458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Mesodalmanella Havlicek, 1950	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Dalmanellidae : *Mesodalmanella*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1945	Howellites Bancroft
1975	Howellites Hints
2000	Howellites Williams et al. p. 785
2002	Howellites Sepkoski, Jr.
2017	Howellites Liljeroth et al.

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Hints L. (1975) Ordovician brachiopods Enteletacea of the east baltic area, Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Geoloogia Institut, 1-119

Williams A., Carlson S. J., et al (2000) Part H Brachiopoda (revised): Volumes 2 & 3, Linguliformea, Craniiformea, Rhynchonelliformea (part)., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, 1-919

Liljeroth M., Harper D. A. T., et al (2017) Ordovician rhynchonelliformean brachiopods from Co. Waterford, SE Ireland: Palaeobiogeography of the Leinster Terrane, Fossils and Strata 62, 1-164 doi:10.111/let.12205

Hallan, J. (2000-current). Biology Catalog. Web compilation accessible at http://bug.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/ (accessed June 2012). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

J. Paleont., 19 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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