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Cainotheriidae ✝

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Description

Cainotheriidae is an extinct family of artiodactyls known from the Late Eocene to Middle Miocene of Europe. They are mostly found preserved in karstic deposits.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cainotheriidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3240406	https://www.gbif.org/species/3240406
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	67948	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67948

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cainotheriidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cainotheriidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
order	Ungulata
order	Artiodactyla	Owen 1848
superfamily	Cainotherioidea	Camp and VanDerHoof 1940
family	Cainotheriidae	Cope 1881

Scientific Name

Cainotheriidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Cainotheriidae	family	belongs to Anoplotherioidea	stated without evidence	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Cainotheriidae	family	belongs to Camelidamorpha	stated with evidence	Spaulding et al., 2009
Cainotheriidae	family	belongs to Artiodactyla	implied	Vianey-Liaud et al., 2014
Cainotheriidae	family	belongs to Cainotherioidea	stated with evidence	Weppe et al., 2019

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

56.0 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene

Last Recorded Appearance

13.7 - 5.3 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Artiodactyla)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

grazer, browser (based on Artiodactyla)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

M. C. McKenna and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cainotheriidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cainotheriinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	65	56.0 Ma Paleocene	13.7 Ma Miocene
Oxacroninae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	23	38.0 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Caenomeryx ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	33.9 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Cainotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	44	56.0 Ma Paleocene	13.7 Ma Miocene
Hadrohyus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Oxacron ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	38.0 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Paroxacron ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	16	38.0 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Plesiomeryx ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	14	33.9 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1881	Cainotheriidae Cope p. 378
1997	Cainotheriidae McKenna and Bell p. 407
2009	Cainotheriidae Spaulding et al.
2014	Cainotheriidae Vianey-Liaud et al. p. 606
2019	Cainotheriidae Weppe et al.

References

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Spaulding M., O'Leary M. A., et al (2009) Relationships of Cetacea (Artiodactyla) among mammals: Increased taxon sampling alters interpretations of key fossils and character evolution, PloS One 4 9, e7062

Vianey-Liaud M., Comte B., et al (2014) A new early late Oligocene (MP 26) continental vertebrate fauna from Saint-Privat-des-Vieux (Alès Basin, Gard, Southern France), Geodiversitas 36 4, 565-622 doi:10.5252/g2014n4a4

Weppe R., Blondel C., et al (2019) Cainotheriidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from Dams (Quercy, SW France): phylogenetic relationships and evolution around the Eocene–Oligocene transition (MP19–MP21), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1645754

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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