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BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Xiphodontidae ✝

Description

Xiphodontidae is an extinct family of even-toed ungulates (order Artiodactyla), endemic to Europe during the Eocene 40.4—33.9 million years ago, existing for about 7.5 million years. They were, most likely, all terrestrial herbivores. Paraxiphodon suggests that they survived into the Lower Oligocene, at least.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)3240401https://www.gbif.org/species/3240401
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)42564https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42564
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Xiphodontidae
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Xiphodontidae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
orderUngulata
orderArtiodactylaOwen 1848
suborderTylopoda
superfamilyAnoplotherioideaBonaparte 1850
familyXiphodontidaeFlower 1883
Scientific NameXiphodontidae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Xiphodontidaefamilybelongs to Artiodactylastated without evidenceCope, 1889
Xiphodontidaefamilybelongs to Xiphodontoideastated without evidenceHooker, 1986
Xiphodontidaefamilybelongs to TylopodaimpliedCarroll, 1988
Xiphodontidaefamilybelongs to Anoplotherioideastated without evidenceCuesta Ruíz-Colmenares et al., 2006
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)24
First Recorded Appearance48.6 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Last Recorded Appearance37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Environmentterrestrial
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietfolivore
Ecospace CommentsDiet inferred from tooth morphology
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiphodontidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Dichodon
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
4347.8 Ma
Eocene
37.2 Ma
Eocene
Haplomeryx
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
2341.3 Ma
Eocene
37.2 Ma
Eocene
Leptotheridium
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
2748.6 Ma
Eocene
37.2 Ma
Eocene
Paraxiphodon
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
641.3 Ma
Eocene
38.0 Ma
Eocene
Xiphodon
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
2841.3 Ma
Eocene
37.2 Ma
Eocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1883Xiphodontidae Flower
1889Xiphodontidae Cope p. 876
1986Xiphodontidae Hooker p. 412
1988Xiphodontidae Carroll
2006Xiphodontidae Cuesta Ruíz-Colmenares et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Cope E. D. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata, The American Naturalist 23, 1-29
Hooker J. J. (1986) Mammals from the Bartonian (middle/late Eocene) of the Hampshire Basin, southern England, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 39 4, 191-478
Cuesta Ruíz-Colmenares M. A., Checa Soler L., et al (2006) Artiodáctilos del yacimiento de Sossís (Eoceno superior, Cuenca Prepirenaica, Península Ibérica), Revista Española de Paleontología 21 2, 123-144
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Museum Victoria KEmu database (Oct 2006) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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