| Description | Four-toothed whales or giant beaked whales are beaked whales in the genus Berardius ("tsuchi"). They include Arnoux's beaked whale (Berardius arnuxii) in cold Southern Hemisphere waters, and Baird's beaked whale (Berardius bairdii, "tsuchi-kujira") in the cold temperate waters of the North Pacific. A third species, Berardius minimus, (Latin transliteration="least four-toothed whale", commonly called "kuro-tsuchi") was distinguished from B. bairdii in the 2010s.
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| Source Data | |
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| Rank | species |
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| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Hyperoodontidae : Berardius : Berardius arnuxii |
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| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Ziphiidae : Berardius : Berardius arnuxii |
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| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
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Classification
(PBDB,GBIF) | |
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| Generic Name | Berardius |
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| Common Name | Arnoux's beaked whale |
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| Scientific Name | Berardius arnuxii Duvernoy, 1851 |
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| Name Published In | Duvernoy, G. L. 1851. Memoire sur les caracteres osteologiques des genus nouveaux ou des especes nouvelles de cetaces vivant ou fossiles. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Série 3 15: 1-71. |
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| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
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| Berardius arnuxii | species | belongs to Berardius | stated without evidence | Duvernoy, 1851 |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant |
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| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 1 |
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| Extant Size (PBDB) | 1 (100%) |
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| First Recorded Appearance | 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene |
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| Environment | marine,freshwater (based on Odontoceti) |
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| Motility | actively mobile (based on Cetacea) |
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| Diet | piscivore, carnivore (based on Ziphiidae) |
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| Reproduction | viviparous (based on Odontoceti) |
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| Ontogeny | modification of parts (based on Cetacea) |
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| Taphonomy | hydroxylapatite (based on Odontoceti) |
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| Primary Reference (PBDB) | M. Duvernoy. 1851. Memoire sure les characteres osteologiques des genres nouveaus ou des especesnouvelles de cetaces vivants out fossiles. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 15:1-71 |
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| Common Name(s) | Arnoux's Beaked Whale, Arnoux-snoetwalvis, Arnux's Beaked Whale, New Zealand Beaked Whale, Baleia Bicuda De Arnoux, Ballena Marsopa, Ballenato De Arnoux, Berardie D'arnoux, Berardius Du Sud, Bérardien D'arnoux, Delfin De Arnoux, Spitssnuitdolfijn Van Arnoux, Zifio De Arnoux, Südlicher Schwarzwal |
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| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berardius_arnuxii |
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| Duvernoy M. Memoire sure les characteres osteologiques des genres nouveaus ou des especesnouvelles de cetaces vivants out fossiles, Annales des Sciences Naturelles 15, 1-71 |
| Huxley T. H. On the cetacean fossils termed Ziphius by Cuvier, with a notice of a new species (Belemnoziphius compressus) from the Red Crag, Proceedings of the Geological Society 20, 388-396 |
| Gray J. E. , Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum, 1-402 |
| Gray J. E. , Synopsis of the species of whales and dolphins in the Collection of the British Museum, 1-10 |
| Van Beneden P. J., Gervais P. , Ostéographie des cétacés vivants et fossiles, comprenant la description et l'iconographie du squelette et du système dentaire de ces animaux; ainsi que des documents relatifs à leur histoire naturelle, 1-634 |
| Trouessart E. L. (1904) , Catalogus Mammalium Tam Viventium Quam Fossilium, Fourth Edition, 1-929 |
| Scheffer V. B., Rice D. W. (1963) A list of the marine mammals of the world, United States Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 431, 1-12 |
| Hershkovitz P. (1966) Catalog of Living Whales, United States National Museum Bulletin 246, 1-259 |
| Moore J. C. (1968) Relationships among the living genera of beaked whales with classifications, diagnoses and keys, Fieldiana: Zoology 53 4, 209-298 |
| Rice D. W. (1998) Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution, The Society for Marine Mammalogy Special Publication 4, 1-231 |
| Mead J. G., Brownell R. L. (2005) Order Cetacea, Mammalian Species of the World, 723-743 |
| King, C.M.; Roberts, C.D.; Bell, B.D.; Fordyce, R.E.; Nicoll, R.S.; Worthy, T.H.; Paulin, C.D.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Keyes, I.W.; Baker, A.N.; Stewart, A.L.; Hiller, N.; McDowall, R.M.; Holdaway, R.N.; McPhee, R.P.; Schwarzhans, W.W.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Rust, S.; Macadie, I. (2009). Phylum Chordata: lancelets, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 431-554. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Duvernoy. (1851). Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris (3), Zool. 15:52, 68, pl.1 (skull). - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Perrin, W.F.; Würsig, B.; Thewissen, J.G.M. (2009). Encyclopedia of marine mammals. Second edition. Academic Press: London. ISBN 978-0-12-373553-9. xxix, 1316 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Rice, D. W. (1998). Marine mammals of the world. Systematics and distribution. Society for Marine Mammalogy Special Publication. 4. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Jefferson, T. A., M. A. Webber and R. L. Pitman. (2008). Marine mammals of the world. Academic Press, Amsterdam. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). Cetacea. In Wilson, D.E. & D.M. Reeder (eds). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. 723--743. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| IUCN Red List of Threatened Species - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Robineau, D. (1989). Les types de cétacés actuels du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle I. Balaenidae, Balaenopteridae, Kogiidae, Ziphiidae, Iniidae, Pontoporiidae. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris, 4th ser., 11, section A, no. 1:271-289. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Hershkovitz, P. (1966). Catalog of Living Whales. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. (246): 1-259. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| (1996) database, NODC Taxonomic Code - via Catalogue of Life |
| Mead, James G., and Robert L. Brownell, Jr. / Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) Order Cetacea: Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vol. 1 - via Catalogue of Life |
| Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing - via Catalogue of Life |
| Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) Common Names of Mammals of the World - via Catalogue of Life |
| Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada: Resource Publication, no. 166 - via Catalogue of Life |
| Rice, Dale W. (1998) Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution: Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4 - via Catalogue of Life |
| Mead, James G., and Robert L. Brownell, Jr. / Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: Order Cetacea. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vol. 1. 723-743. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Rice, Dale W., 1998: Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4. ix + 231. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole, 2000: null. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
Berardius arnuxii
