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Hylobates

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Description

The genus Hylobates is one of the four genera of gibbons. Its name means "forest walker", from the Greek hūlē (ὕλη, "forest") and bates (βάτης, "one who treads").

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylobates, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2436497	https://www.gbif.org/species/2436497
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	40891	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40891

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hylobatidae : Hylobates

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
order	Primates	Linnaeus 1758
infraorder	Haplorhini
-	Anthropoidea
infraorder	Catarrhini	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812
superfamily	Hominoidea	Gray 1825
family	Hylobatidae	Gray 1870
genus	Hylobates	Illiger 1811

Scientific Name

Hylobates Illiger, 1811

Name Published In

Illiger, Johann K. W. 1811. Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium: Additis Terminis Zoographicis Utriusque Classis, Eorumque Versione Germanica. Sumptibus C. Salfeld, Berolini.: i-xviii + 1-301.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Hylobates	genus	belongs to Quadrumana	stated without evidence	Illiger, 1811
Hylobates	genus	belongs to Simiina	stated without evidence	Gray, 1825
Hylobates	genus	belongs to Pongidae	stated without evidence	Hooijer, 1962
Hylobates	genus	belongs to Hylobatidae	stated with evidence	Andrews and Cronin, 1982
Hylobates	genus	belongs to Hylobatidae	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Hylobates	genus	belongs to Hylobatidae	stated with evidence	Mootnick and Groves, 2005
Hylobates	genus	belongs to Hominoidea	stated without evidence	Zalmout et al., 2010
Hylobates	genus	belongs to Hylobatidae	stated with evidence	Thinh et al., 2010

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

16 (100%)

First Recorded Appearance

0.13 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Mammalia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

frugivore, folivore (based on Hylobatidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. Illiger. 1811. Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium

Common Name(s)

Lesser Apes, Gibbons

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylobates

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Hylobates abbotti species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Abbott's Müller's Bornean Gibbon			0 Ma Extant
Hylobates agilis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Agile Gibbon			0 Ma Extant
Hylobates albibarbis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Bornean White-bearded Gibbon			0 Ma Extant
Hylobates funereus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Northern Müller's Bornean Gibbon			0 Ma Extant
Hylobates klossii species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Kloss's Gibbon			0 Ma Extant
Hylobates lar species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Lar Gibbon			0 Ma Extant
Hylobates moloch species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Silvery Javan Gibbon	1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Hylobates muelleri species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Eastern Müller's Bornean Gibbon			0 Ma Extant
Hylobates pileatus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Pileated Gibbon			0 Ma Extant

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Cheiron Burnett, 1829	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hylobatidae : *Cheiron*
Laratus Gray, 1821	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hylobatidae : *Laratus*
Hilobates Cuvier, 1829	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hylobatidae : *Hilobates*
Hylebates Illiger, 1815	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hylobatidae : *Hylebates*
Brachitanytes Schultz, 1932	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hylobatidae : *Brachitanytes*
Hylobatus Schlegel, 1876	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hylobatidae : *Hylobatus*
Gibbon Zimmermann, 1777	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hylobatidae : *Gibbon*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1811	Hylobates Illiger p. 67
1825	Hylobates Gray p. 338
1962	Hylobates Hooijer p. 428
1982	Hylobates Andrews and Cronin p. 545
1997	Hylobates McKenna and Bell
2005	Hylobates Mootnick and Groves p. 973
2010	Hylobates Thinh et al. p. 1
2010	Hylobates Zalmout et al. pp. Supp. 4 figs. Table 2

References

Illiger C. , Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium

Gray J. E. An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe, Annals of Philosophy, new series 10, 337-344

Hooijer D. A. (1962) Prehistoric bone: The gibbons and monkeys of Niah Great Cave, The Sarawak Museum Journal 10, 428-449

Andrews P., Cronin J. E. (1982) The relationships of Sivapithecus and Ramapithecus and the evolution of the orang-utan, Nature 297, 541-546

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Mootnick A., Groves C. (2005) A new generic name for the hoolock gibbon (Hylobatidae), International Journal of Primatology 26 4, 971-976

Thinh V. N., Mootnick A. R., et al (2010) Mitochondrial evidence for multiple radiations in the evolutionary history of small apes, BMC Evolutionary Biology 10 74, 1-13 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-74

Zalmout I. S., Sanders W. J., et al (2010) New Oligocene primate from Saudi Arabia and the divergence of apes and Old World monkeys, Nature 466, 360-364

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Mittermeier, Rusell A., Anthony B. Rylands, and Don E. Wilson, eds., 2013: null. Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 3. Primates. 951. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vol. 1. xxxv + 743. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 122 Seven generic names in Primates adopted in the Official List of Generic Names.Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 73(7), 33 (1931) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd Ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2,142 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Prod. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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