| Description | The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) or "sea cow", also known as North American manatee, is the largest surviving member of the aquatic mammal order Sirenia (which also includes the dugong and the extinct Steller's sea cow). It is further divided into two subspecies, the Florida manatee (T. m. latirostris) and the Antillean or Caribbean manatee (T. m. manatus), based on genetic and morphological studies. The Florida subspecies is primarily found along the coasts of Florida, but its range extends as far west as Texas and as far north as Massachusetts. The Antillean subspecies has a sparse distribution throughout the Caribbean, ranging as far north as Mexico and as far south as Brazil.
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| Source Data | |
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| Rank | species |
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| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Sirenia : Trichechidae : Trichechus : Trichechus manatus |
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| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Sirenia : Trichechinae : Trichechus : Trichechus manatus |
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| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
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Classification
(PBDB,GBIF) | |
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| Generic Name | Trichechus |
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| Scientific Name | Trichechus manatus Linnaeus, 1758 |
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| Name Published In | Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. |
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| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
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| Trichechus manatus | species | belongs to Trichechus | stated without evidence | Linnaeus, 1758 | | Trichechus manatus | species | belongs to Trichechus | stated with evidence | Thomas, 1911 | | Trichechus manatus | species | belongs to Trichechus | stated without evidence | Sherman, 1952 | | Trichechus manatus | species | belongs to Trichechus | stated with evidence | Domning, 1996 | | Trichechus manatus | species | belongs to Trichechus | stated without evidence | Rice, 1998 | | Trichechus manatus | species | belongs to Trichechus | stated with evidence | Voss, 2014 |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant |
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| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 4 |
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| Extant Size (PBDB) | 3 (75%) |
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| First Recorded Appearance | 0.13 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene |
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| Environment | freshwater (based on Trichechidae) |
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| Motility | actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes) |
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| Diet | herbivore (based on Trichechidae) |
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| Reproduction | viviparous (based on Sirenia) |
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| Taphonomy | phosphatic (based on Vertebrata) |
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| Primary Reference (PBDB) | C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824 |
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| Common Name(s) | West Indian Manatee, Caribische Lamantijn, Karayip Deniz Inegi, Manatí Del Caribe, Caribbean Manatee, Manatee, Nagel-manati |
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| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichechus_manatus |
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| Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542 |
| Fischer J. B. , Synopsis Mammalium, 1-752 |
| Gray J. E. , Catalogue of the Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum, with descriptions of all the species and figures of the genera. Part I. Cetacea, 1-153 |
| Gray J. E. On the Cetacea which have been observed in the seas surrounding the British Islands, Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London 1864, 195-248 |
| Gray J. E. , Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum, 1-402 |
| Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868 |
| Trouessart E. L. (1904) , Catalogus Mammalium Tam Viventium Quam Fossilium, Fourth Edition, 1-929 |
| Thomas O. (1911) The Mammals of the Tenth Edition of Linnaeus; an Attempt to fix the Types of the Genera and the exact Bases and Localities of the Species, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 81 1, 120-158 doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1911.tb06995.x |
| Sherman H. B. (1952) A list and bibliography of the mammals of Florida, living and extinct, Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 15 2, 86-126 |
| Scheffer V. B., Rice D. W. (1963) A list of the marine mammals of the world, United States Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 431, 1-12 |
| Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442 |
| Vidal O. (1991) Catalog of osteological collections of aquatic mammals from Mexico, NOAA Technical Reports NMFS 97, 1-36 |
| Domning D. P. (1996) Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 80, 1-611 |
| Rice D. W. (1998) Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution, The Society for Marine Mammalogy Special Publication 4, 1-231 |
| Voss M. (2014) On the invalidity of Halitherium schinzii Kaup, 1838 (Mammalia, Sirenia), with comments on systematic consequences, Zoosystematics and Evolution 90 1, 87-93 doi:10.3897/zse.90.7421 |
| Wilson D.E. & Reeder D.A.M. (1993). Mammals species of the world. A taxonomic and geographic reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| (1996) database, NODC Taxonomic Code - via Catalogue of Life |
| (1996) database, U. S. Dept. Interior - via Catalogue of Life |
| (2001) database, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad - via Catalogue of Life |
| Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing - via Catalogue of Life |
| Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2 - via Catalogue of Life |
| Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) Common Names of Mammals of the World - via Catalogue of Life |
| (2001) website, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Program - via Catalogue of Life |
| (2007) website, 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species - via Catalogue of Life |
| Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada: Resource Publication, no. 166 - via Catalogue of Life |
| Rice, Dale W. (1998) Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution: Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4 - via Catalogue of Life |
| Schmidly, D. J. and B. Würsig. 2009. Mammals (Vertebrata: Mammalia) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1343–1352 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Domning, D. P. (1996). Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. (80): 1-611. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff, eds. (1999) The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals - via Catalogue of Life |
| Domning, Daryl P. (2005) Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean region. VII. Pleistocene Trichechus manatus Linnaeus, 1758: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol. 25, no. 3 - via Catalogue of Life |
| Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff, eds., 1999: null. The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals. xxv + 750. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Domning, Daryl P., 2005: Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean region. VII. Pleistocene Trichechus manatus Linnaeus, 1758. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol. 25, no. 3. 685-701. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Rice, Dale W., 1998: Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4. ix + 231. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Direction 13 Addition of the generic name Manatus Br?nnich, 1771 (class Mammalia) to the Official List of Rejected and invalid generic names in Zoology (Direction supplementary to Opinion 112).Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1C(C4), 57-66 (1955) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology |
| Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole, 2000: null. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| CAICEDO-HERRERA D, F TRUJILLO, M RIVERA y C RODRÍGUEZ. 2005. Programa Nacional de Manejo y Conservación de Manatíes en Colombia. Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, Fundación OMACHA, Bogotá D.C., Colombia, 176 pp. - via Mamíferos de Colombia |
| CUERVO DÍAZ A, JI HERNÁNDEZ-CAMACHO y A CADENA. 1986. Lista actualizada de los mamíferos de Colombia: anotaciones sobre su distribución. Caldasia 15:471-501. - via Mamíferos de Colombia |
| TRUJILLO F, D CAICEDO, N CASTELBLANCO, S KENDALL y V HOLGUIN. 2006b. Manatí del Caribe Trichechus manatus Pp: 161-166, en: Libro Rojo de los Mamíferos de Colombia (JV Rodríguez-Mahecha, M Alberico, F Trujillo y J Jorgenson, eds.). Serie Libros Rojos de Especies Amenazadas de Colombia, Conservación Internacional Colombia, Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. - via Mamíferos de Colombia |
Trichechus manatus
Trichechus manatus borealis ✝
