Description | The Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea), also known as the Australian sea-lion or Australian sealion, is a species of sea lion that is the only endemic pinniped in Australia. It is currently monotypic in the genus Neophoca, with the extinct Pleistocene New Zealand sea lion Neophoca palatina the only known congener. With a population estimated at around 14,730 animals, the Wildlife Conservation Act of Western Australia (1950) has listed them as “in need of special protection”. Their Conservation status is listed as endangered. These pinnipeds are specifically known for their abnormal breeding cycles, which are varied between a 5-month breeding cycle and a 17-18 month aseasonal breeding cycle, compared to other pinnipeds which fit into a 12-month reproductive cycle. Females are either silver or fawn with a cream underbelly and males are dark chocolate brown with a yellow mane and are bigger than the females.
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Source Data | |
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Rank | species |
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Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Neophoca : Neophoca cinerea |
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Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Neophoca : Neophoca cinerea |
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Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
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Classification (PBDB,GBIF) | |
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Generic Name | Neophoca |
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Common Name | Australian sea lion |
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Scientific Name | Neophoca cinerea (Péron, 1816) |
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Name Published In | Voy. Decouv. Terres. Austral. vol.2 p.54 |
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Opinions (PBDB) | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
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Neophoca cinerea | species | belongs to Otaria | stated without evidence | Peron, 1816 | Neophoca cinerea | species | belongs to Arctocephalus | stated without evidence | Gray, 1850 | Neophoca cinerea | species | belongs to Eumetopias | stated with evidence | Turner, 1912 | Neophoca cinerea | species | belongs to Neophoca | stated without evidence | Scheffer and Rice, 1963 | Neophoca cinerea | species | belongs to Neophoca | stated with evidence | Deméré et al., 2003 | Neophoca cinerea | species | belongs to Neophoca | stated without evidence | Wilson and Reeder, 2005 |
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Status (PBDB) | extant |
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Taxon Size (PBDB) | 2 |
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Extant Size (PBDB) | 2 (100%) |
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First Recorded Appearance | 0.13 - 0.01 Ma Pleistocene |
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Environment | marine (based on Pinnipedia) |
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Motility | actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes) |
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Diet | piscivore (based on Otariidae) |
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Reproduction | viviparous (based on Pinnipedimorpha) |
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Ontogeny | modification of parts (based on Pinnipedimorpha) |
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Taphonomy | hydroxylapatite (based on Pinnipedimorpha) |
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Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. E. Gray. 1866. Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum |
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Common Name(s) | Australian Sea Lion, White-capped Sea Lion, Australian Sealion, Australischer Seelöwe |
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Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neophoca_cinerea |
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Year | Name and Author |
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1816 | Otaria cinerea Peron |
1816 | Otaria albicollis Péron p. 118 |
1828 | Arctocephalus lobatus Gray |
1830 | Otaria australis Quoy and Gaimard |
1850 | Arctocephalus cinereus Gray p. 43 |
1850 | Arctocephalus lobatus Gray p. 44 |
1850 | Arctocephalus australis Gray p. 45 |
1859 | Arctocephalus lobatus Gray |
1866 | Neophoca lobatus Gray p. 50 |
1866 | Arctocephalus cinerea Gray p. 56 |
1866 | Arctocephalus australis Gray p. 57 |
1870 | Zalophus lobatus Allen p. 44 |
1871 | Arctocephalus cinereus Gray p. 20 |
1871 | Neophoca lobata Gray p. 28 |
1873 | Arctocephalus cinereus Gray p. 143 |
1874 | Arctocephalus australis Gray |
1877 | Arctocephalus williamsi McCoy pp. 7-9 figs. Plates 41-42 |
Gray J. E. , Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum, 1-402 |
Gray J. E. Spicilegica Zoologica; or Original Figures and Short Systematic Descriptions of New and Unfigured Animals. Part I |
Gray J. E. , Catalogue of the Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum, with descriptions of all the species and figures of the genera. Part II. Seals, 1-48 |
Allen J. A. History of North American Pinnipeds, US Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Miscellaneous Publications 12, 1-785 |
Trouessart E. L. , Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilum 5, 665-1264 |
Trouessart E. L. (1904) , Catalogus Mammalium Tam Viventium Quam Fossilium, Fourth Edition, 1-929 |
Kellogg R. (1922) Pinnipeds from Miocene and Pleistocene deposits of California, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 13 4, 23-132 |
Scheffer V. B., Rice D. W. (1963) A list of the marine mammals of the world, United States Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 431, 1-12 |
Repenning C. A., Tedford R. H. (1977) Otarioid seals of the Neogene, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 992, 1-93 |
Riedman M. (1990) The Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses, 1-439 |
Deméré T. A., Berta A., et al (2003) Pinnipedimorph evolutionary biogeography, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279, 32-76 |
Wilson D. E., Reeder D. M. (2005) , Mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference, 1-2142 |
Cullen T. M., Fraser D., et al (2014) Early evolution of sexual dimorphism and polygyny in Pinnipedia, Evolution 68 5, 1469-1484 doi:10.1111/evo.12360 |
Berta A., Churchill M., et al (2018) The Origin and Evolutionary Biology of Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 46, 203-228 doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009 |
Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). Cetacea. In Wilson, D.E. & D.M. Reeder (eds). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. 723--743. - via World Register of Marine Species |
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
(1996) database, NODC Taxonomic Code - via Catalogue of Life |
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing - via Catalogue of Life |
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2 - via Catalogue of Life |
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) Common Names of Mammals of the World - via Catalogue of Life |
Rice, Dale W., 1998: Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4. ix + 231. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
Rice, Dale W. (1998) Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution: Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4 - via Catalogue of Life |
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole, 2000: null. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |