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Neophoca cinerea

Description

The Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea), also known as the Australian sea-lion or Australian sealion, is a species of sea lion that is the only endemic pinniped in Australia. It is currently monotypic in the genus Neophoca, with the extinct Pleistocene New Zealand sea lion Neophoca palatina the only known congener. With a population estimated at around 14,730 animals, the Wildlife Conservation Act of Western Australia (1950) has listed them as “in need of special protection”. Their Conservation status is listed as endangered. These pinnipeds are specifically known for their abnormal breeding cycles, which are varied between a 5-month breeding cycle and a 17-18 month aseasonal breeding cycle, compared to other pinnipeds which fit into a 12-month reproductive cycle. Females are either silver or fawn with a cream underbelly and males are dark chocolate brown with a yellow mane and are bigger than the females.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2433484https://www.gbif.org/species/2433484
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)71852https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71852
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Neophoca : Neophoca cinerea
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Neophoca : Neophoca cinerea
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-LaurasiatheriaWaddell et al. 1999
-ScrotiferaWaddell et al. 1999
-FeraeLinnaeus 1758
-CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
-CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivoraBowditch 1821
superfamilyArctoideaFlower 1869
-PinnipedimorphaBerta et al. 1989
-Pinnipedia
superfamilyOtarioideaGray 1825
familyOtariidae
genusNeophocaGray 1866
speciesNeophoca cinereaPéron 1816
Generic NameNeophoca
Common NameAustralian sea lion
Scientific NameNeophoca cinerea (Péron, 1816)
Name Published InVoy. Decouv. Terres. Austral. vol.2 p.54
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Neophoca cinereaspeciesbelongs to Otariastated without evidencePeron, 1816
Neophoca cinereaspeciesbelongs to Arctocephalusstated without evidenceGray, 1850
Neophoca cinereaspeciesbelongs to Eumetopiasstated with evidenceTurner, 1912
Neophoca cinereaspeciesbelongs to Neophocastated without evidenceScheffer and Rice, 1963
Neophoca cinereaspeciesbelongs to Neophocastated with evidenceDeméré et al., 2003
Neophoca cinereaspeciesbelongs to Neophocastated without evidenceWilson and Reeder, 2005
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)2
Extant Size (PBDB)2 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance0.13 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentmarine (based on Pinnipedia)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietpiscivore (based on Otariidae)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Ontogenymodification of parts (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. E. Gray. 1866. Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum
Common Name(s) Australian Sea Lion, White-capped Sea Lion, Australian Sealion, Australischer Seelöwe
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neophoca_cinerea

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Arctocephalus (Arctocephalus) australis gracilis
subspecies
listed (PBDB)0 Ma
Extant

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Arctocephalus williamsi (McCoy, 1877)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Neophoca : Arctocephalus williamsi
Otaria cinerea (Peron, 1816)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Neophoca : Otaria cinerea
Otaria australis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Neophoca : Otaria australis
Arctocephalus lobatus (Gray, 1828)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Neophoca : Arctocephalus lobatus
Zalophus williamsi (McCoy, 1877)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Neophoca : Zalophus williamsi
Otaria albicollis Péron, 1816GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Neophoca : Otaria albicollis
Eumetopias cinerea (Peron, 1816)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Neophoca : Eumetopias cinerea
Arctocephalus cinerea (Peron, 1816)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Neophoca : Arctocephalus cinerea
Arctocephalus australis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Neophoca : Arctocephalus australis
Zalophus lobatus (Gray, 1828)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Neophoca : Zalophus lobatus
Eumetopias lobatus (Gray, 1828)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Neophoca : Eumetopias lobatus
Neophoca lobata (Gray, 1828)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae : Neophoca : Neophoca lobata

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1816Otaria cinerea Peron
1816Otaria albicollis Péron p. 118
1828Arctocephalus lobatus Gray
1830Otaria australis Quoy and Gaimard
1850Arctocephalus cinereus Gray p. 43
1850Arctocephalus lobatus Gray p. 44
1850Arctocephalus australis Gray p. 45
1859Arctocephalus lobatus Gray
1866Neophoca lobatus Gray p. 50
1866Arctocephalus cinerea Gray p. 56
1866Arctocephalus australis Gray p. 57
1870Zalophus lobatus Allen p. 44
1871Arctocephalus cinereus Gray p. 20
1871Neophoca lobata Gray p. 28
1873Arctocephalus cinereus Gray p. 143
1874Arctocephalus australis Gray
1877Arctocephalus williamsi McCoy pp. 7-9 figs. Plates 41-42
YearName and Author
1880Zalophus lobatus Allen p. 209
1898Eumetopias (Zalophus) lobatus Trouessart p. 371
1898Arctocephalus australis Trouessart p. 373
1904Eumetopias (Zalophus) lobatus Trouessart p. 279
1904Arctocephalus australis Trouessart p. 280
1912Eumetopias cinerea Turner p. 171
1922Zalophus lobatus Kellogg p. 107
1922Zalophus williamsi Kellogg p. 107
1963Neophoca cinerea Scheffer and Rice p. 2
1977Neophoca cinerea Repenning and Tedford p. 73
1990Neophoca cinerea Riedman p. 58 figs. Table 2
1992Neophoca cinerea Ling p. 1
2003Neophoca cinerea Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2005Neophoca cinerea Wilson and Reeder p. 592
2014Neophoca cinerea Cullen et al. p. 1471 figs. Figure 1
2018Neophoca cinerea Berta et al. p. 215 figs. FIg. 5

References

Gray J. E. , Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum, 1-402
Gray J. E. Spicilegica Zoologica; or Original Figures and Short Systematic Descriptions of New and Unfigured Animals. Part I
Gray J. E. , Catalogue of the Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum, with descriptions of all the species and figures of the genera. Part II. Seals, 1-48
Allen J. A. History of North American Pinnipeds, US Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Miscellaneous Publications 12, 1-785
Trouessart E. L. , Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilum 5, 665-1264
Trouessart E. L. (1904) , Catalogus Mammalium Tam Viventium Quam Fossilium, Fourth Edition, 1-929
Kellogg R. (1922) Pinnipeds from Miocene and Pleistocene deposits of California, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 13 4, 23-132
Scheffer V. B., Rice D. W. (1963) A list of the marine mammals of the world, United States Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 431, 1-12
Repenning C. A., Tedford R. H. (1977) Otarioid seals of the Neogene, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 992, 1-93
Riedman M. (1990) The Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses, 1-439
Deméré T. A., Berta A., et al (2003) Pinnipedimorph evolutionary biogeography, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279, 32-76
Wilson D. E., Reeder D. M. (2005) , Mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference, 1-2142
Cullen T. M., Fraser D., et al (2014) Early evolution of sexual dimorphism and polygyny in Pinnipedia, Evolution 68 5, 1469-1484 doi:10.1111/evo.12360
Berta A., Churchill M., et al (2018) The Origin and Evolutionary Biology of Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 46, 203-228 doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009
Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). Cetacea. In Wilson, D.E. & D.M. Reeder (eds). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. 723--743. - via World Register of Marine Species
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
(1996) database, NODC Taxonomic Code - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2 - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) Common Names of Mammals of the World - via Catalogue of Life
Rice, Dale W., 1998: Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4. ix + 231. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Rice, Dale W. (1998) Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution: Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4 - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole, 2000: null. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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