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Modulus

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Description

Modulus is the diminutive from the Latin word modus meaning measure or manner. It, or its plural moduli, may refer to the following:

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2300910	https://www.gbif.org/species/2300910
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	10140	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=10140

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Modulidae : Modulus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Modulidae : Modulus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
order	Sorbeoconcha	Ponder and Lindberg 1997
superfamily	Cerithioidea	(Férussac 1819)
family	Modulidae	Fischer 1884
genus	Modulus	Gray 1842

Scientific Name

Modulus Gray, 1842

Name Published In

Gray J.E. (1842). Molluscs. Pp. 48-92, in: Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum, edition 44. British Museum. London. iv + 308 p.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Modulus	genus	belongs to Modulidae	stated with evidence	Fischer, 1884
Modulus	genus	belongs to Modulidae	stated without evidence	Petuch, 1988
Modulus	genus	belongs to Modulidae	implied	Wilson, 1993
Modulus	genus	belongs to Modulidae	stated with evidence	Lozouet et al., 2001
Modulus	genus	belongs to Neotaenioglossa	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Modulus	genus	belongs to Modulidae	stated with evidence	Bouchet et al., 2005

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

4 (40%)

First Recorded Appearance

33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene

Motility

actively mobile (based on Modulidae)

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

grazer (based on Modulidae)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Gastropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Modulus ambiguus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus basilea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus basileus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Modulus basteroti ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	23.0 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Modulus bayeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus bermontianus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus biconicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus calusa species	listed (PBDB)		2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Modulus carchedonius species	listed (PBDB)		9	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Modulus cerodes species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus compactus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus disculus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus duplicatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus guernei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus hennequini species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus honkerorum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus imitatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus kaicherae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus lindae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus liveoakensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus modulus species	listed (PBDB)		35	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Modulus modulus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	439 Ma Silurian	439 Ma Silurian
Modulus morleti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus nodosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus obliquus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus obtusatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus pacei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus tamanensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	23.0 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Indomodulus tectum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	16.0 Ma Miocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Modulus turbinoides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Modulus vermeiji ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Modulus willcoxi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modulus woodringi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Aplodon Rafinesque, 1819	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Modulidae : *Aplodon*
Morulus Reeve, 1846	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Modulidae : *Morulus*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1842	Modulus Gray
1884	Modulus Fischer p. 686
1947	Modulus Gardner p. 581
1972	Modulus Ladd p. 24
1988	Modulus Petuch p. 151
1993	Modulus Wilson p. 129

Year	Name and Author
2001	Modulus Lozouet et al. p. 22
2001	Modulus Todd
2002	Modulus Sepkoski, Jr.
2005	Modulus Bouchet et al. pp. 110, 248
2010	Modulus Landau and Marques da Silva p. 16

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Gardner J. R. (1947) The Molluscan Fauna of the Alum Bluff Group of Florida, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 142A-H, 1-709

Ladd H. S. (1972) Cenozoic fossil mollusks from Western Pacific Islands; Gastropods (Turritellidae through Strombidae), United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 532, 1-79

Petuch E. J. (1988) , Neogene History of Tropical American Mollusks, 1-217

Wilson B. (1993) , Australian Marine Shells 1

Lozouet P., Lesport J.-F., et al (2001) Révision des Gastropoda (Mollusca) du stratotype de L'Aquitanien (Miocéne inf.) site de Saucats "Lariey", Gironde, France, Cossmanniana 8, 1-189

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of gastropods in the Panama Paleontology Project collections

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P, et al (2005) A nomenclator and classification of gastropod family-group names, Malacologia 47 1-2, 1-368

Landau B., Marques da Silva C. (2010) Early Pliocene gastropods of Cubagua, Venezuela: Taxonomy, palaeobiogeography and ecostratigraphy, Palaeontos 19, 1-221

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Gray J.E. (1842). Molluscs. Pp. 48-92, in: Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum, edition 44. British Museum. London. iv + 308 p. - via World Register of Marine Species

SN2000/Boss, 1982 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Syn. Brit. Mus., ed. 44 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Landau B., Vermeij G. K. & Reich S. (2014). Classification of the Modulidae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea), with new genera and new fossil species from the Neogene of tropical America and Indonesia. Basteria. 78(1-3): 1-29. - via World Register of Marine Species

Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al., 1998: Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed.. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26. 526. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per synonymized taxon - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

refer synonym source - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Syn. Cont. Brit. Mus., ed. 42 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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