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Pholas

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Description

Pholas is a taxonomic genus of marine bivalve molluscs in the family Pholadidae. Like other members of this family, they have an ability to bore through clay, earth, wood and soft rock.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pholas, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2288791	https://www.gbif.org/species/2288791
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	18491	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=18491

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Pholadidae : Pholas

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadida : Pholadidae : Pholas

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Eubivalvia	Carter 2011
subclass	Autobranchia
infraclass	Heteroconchia
-	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardiidia	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardiata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Pholadiformii	Gray 1854
order	Pholadida	Gray 1854
superfamily	Pholadoidea	Lamarck 1809
family	Pholadidae	Lamarck 1809
subfamily	Pholadinae	Lamarck 1809
genus	Pholas	Linnæus 1758

Scientific Name

Pholas Linnaeus, 1758

Name Published In

Linnæus, Carolus. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. Vol. Tomus I, Editio decima, reformata: i-ii, 1-824.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Pholas	genus	belongs to Pholadinae	stated without evidence	Glenn, 1904
Pholas	genus	belongs to Pholadinae	stated with evidence	Vokes, 1980
Pholas	genus	belongs to Pholadidae	implied	Lamprell and Healy, 1998
Pholas	genus	belongs to Myoida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Pholas	genus	belongs to Pholadidae	stated without evidence	Bouchet et al., 2010

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

6 (43%)

First Recorded Appearance

125 - 122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Motility

stationary

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

suspension feeder

Ecospace Comments

LIFE HISTORY: WB, SE, UN, SU according to Todd (2001).

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Bivalvia)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pholas

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Pholas (Monothyra) subgenus	listed (PBDB)
Pholas (Pholas) subgenus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Pholas (Thovana) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		6	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Pholas alatoidea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas arcuata species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pholas baudoni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pholas baugieri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas bissauensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas campechiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas chiloensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas cordata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas cornueliana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas curvata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas dactylus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Pholas darwinii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas dollfusi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas hercules species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas hommairei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas intermedia ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	5.33 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Pholas mackiana ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Pholas malavoyi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas memmingeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas miocaenica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas olivaria species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas orbignyana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas orientalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas parva species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas pectorosa species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pholas rozieri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas scaphoides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholas subcylindrica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Dactylina Gray, 1847	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Pholadidae : *Dactylina*
Polas Gronovius, 1781	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Pholadidae : *Polas*
Pragmopholas P.Fischer, 1887	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Pholadidae : *Pragmopholas*
Thovana Gray, 1847	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Pholadidae : *Thovana*
Phloas Turton, 1802	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Pholadidae : *Phloas*
Pholax Renier, 1807	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Pholadidae : *Pholax*
Hypogaea Poli, 1791	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Pholadidae : *Hypogaea*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1758	Pholas Linnaeus
1791	Hypogaea Poli
1904	Pholas Glenn p. 274
1980	Pholas Vokes p. 188
1998	Pholas Lamprell and Healy p. 198
2002	Pholas Sepkoski, Jr.
2010	Pholas Bouchet et al.

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Glenn L. C. (1904) Pelecypoda, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene Text, 274-401

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Lamprell K., Healy J. (1998) , Bivalves of Australia 2

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., et al (2010) Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families, Malacologia 52 2, 1-184 doi:10.4002/040.052.0201

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Karlsson, Anna (2004) Mollusker - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

SN2000/Boss, 1982 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 10th edition. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al., 1998: Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed.. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26. 526. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 180-213. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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