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Hyainailourinae ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	97041	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=97041

Rank

unranked clade (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodonta : Hyainailouridae : Hyainailourinae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
order	Hyaenodonta
superfamily	Hyainailouroidea	Borths et al. 2016
-	Hyainailouridae	Solé et al. 2015
subfamily	Hyainailourinae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Hyainailourinae	subfamily	subjective synonym of Hyaenodontinae	stated without evidence	Van Valen, 1967
Hyainailourinae	subfamily	belongs to Hyaenodontidae	stated with evidence	Morlo et al., 2007
Hyainailourinae	subfamily	belongs to Hyainailouridae	stated with evidence	Solé et al., 2015

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

56.0 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene

Last Recorded Appearance

13.8 - 7.2 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

insectivore (based on Mammaliaformes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

M. Morlo, E. R. Miller, and A. N. El-Barkooky. 2007. Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(1):145-159

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Dissopsalini ✝ tribe	listed (PBDB)
Hyainailourini ✝ tribe	listed (PBDB)	1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Metapterodontini ✝ tribe	listed (PBDB)
Paroxyaenini ✝ tribe	listed (PBDB)	2	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Akhnatenavus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Hemipsalodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	40.4 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Hyainailouros ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	15	28.4 Ma Oligocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Isohyaenodon ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	4	23.0 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Kerberos ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Leakitherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Megistotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	23.0 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Pterodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	33.9 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Mlanyama ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Orienspterodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	48.6 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Parapterodon ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parvavorodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Pterodon ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	17	48.6 Ma Eocene	13.8 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1932	Hyainailourinae Pilgrim
1996	Pterodontinae Polly
2007	Hyainailourinae Morlo et al. p. 146
2007	Hyainailourinae Peigné et al. p. 453
2014	Hyainailourinae Solé et al.
2015	Hyainailourinae Solé et al.
2016	Hyainailourinae Borths et al.
2017	Hyainailourinae Borths and Stevens
2019	Hyainailourinae Solé and Mennecart

References

Morlo M., Miller E. R., et al (2007) Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 1, 145-159

Peigné S., Morlo M., et al (2007) New discoveries of hyaenodontids (Creodonta, Mammalia) from the Pondaung Formation, middle Eocene, Myanmar—paleobiogeographic implications, Geodiversitas 29 3, 441-458

Solé F., Lhuillier J., et al (2014) The hyaenodontidans from the Gour Lazib area (?Early Eocene, Algeria): implications concerning the systematics and the origin of the Hyainailourinae and Teratodontinae, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 12 3, 303-322

Solé F., Amson E., et al (2015) A New Large Hyainailourine from the Bartonian of Europe and Its Bearings on the Evolution and Ecology of Massive Hyaenodonts (Mammalia), PLoS ONE 10 9, e0135698:1-55

Borths M. R., Holroyd P. A., et al (2016) Hyainailourine and teratodontine cranial material from the late Eocene of Egypt and the application of parsimony and Bayesian methods to the phylogeny and biogeography of Hyaenodonta (Placentalia, Mammalia), PeerJ 4, e2639:1-87 doi:10.7717/peerj.2639

Borths M. R., Stevens N. J. (2017) The first hyaenodont from the late Oligocene Nsungwe Formation of Tanzania: Paleoecological insights into the Paleogene-Neogene carnivore transition, PLoS ONE 12 10, e0185301:1-30

Solé F., Mennecart B. (2019) A large hyaenodont from the Lutetian of Switzerland expands the body mass range of the European mammalian predators during the Eocene, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 64 2, 275-290 doi:10.4202/app.00581.2018

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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