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Cardiinae

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	59533	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=59533

Rank

subfamily (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Cardiinae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Eubivalvia	Carter 2011
subclass	Autobranchia
infraclass	Heteroconchia
-	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardiidia	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardiata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Cardiiformii	Ferussac 1822
order	Cardiida	Ferussac 1822
suborder	Cardiidina	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardioidei	Ferussac 1822
superfamily	Cardioidea
family	Cardiidae	Lamarck 1809
-	Neocardiids	Carter et al. 2011
-	Eucardiids	Schneider 1995
subfamily	Cardiinae	Lamarck 1809

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Cardiinae	subfamily	belongs to Cardiidae	stated with evidence	Vokes, 1980
Cardiinae	subfamily	belongs to Cardiidae	stated without evidence	Dockery, 1982
Cardiinae	subfamily	belongs to Cardiidae	stated with evidence	Gliozzi and Malatesta, 1983
Cardiinae	subfamily	belongs to Cardiidae	stated without evidence	Squires, 1984
Cardiinae	subfamily	belongs to Cardiidae	stated with evidence	Freneix et al., 1988
Cardiinae	subfamily	belongs to Cardiidae	stated without evidence	Chiesa et al., 1995
Cardiinae	subfamily	belongs to Cardiidae	stated with evidence	Schneider, 2002
Cardiinae	subfamily	belongs to Cardiidae	stated without evidence	Bouchet et al., 2010
Cardiinae	subfamily	belongs to Eucardiids	stated with evidence	Carter et al., 2011

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

113

Extant Size (PBDB)

23 (20%)

First Recorded Appearance

446 - 444 Ma
Paleozoic

Motility

facultatively mobile (based on Cardiidae)

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Cardiidae)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Bivalvia)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

H. E. Vokes. 1980. Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue. Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cardiini tribe	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Dinocardiini ✝ tribe	listed (PBDB)
Vepricardiini tribe	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Bucardium genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	13	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Cardium genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	793	446 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	0 Ma Extant
Chesacardium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	74	23.0 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Criocardium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Dinocardium genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	129	41.3 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Ethmocardium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	32	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Planicardium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	5.33 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Rudicardium genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Schedocardia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	22	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	37.2 Ma Eocene
Septocardia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	96	242 Ma Middle Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Vepricardium genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	13	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1809	Cardiinae Lamarck
1980	Cardiinae Vokes p. 126
1982	Cardiinae Dockery p. 69
1982	Cardiinae Woodring p. 635
1983	Cardiinae Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 96
1984	Cardiinae Squires p. 49
1984	Cardiinae Vokes p. 43

Year	Name and Author
1987	Cardiinae Squires p. 65
1988	Cardiinae Freneix et al.
1995	Cardiinae Chiesa et al. p. 44
2002	Cardiinae Schneider p. 323 figs. Table 2
2010	Cardiinae Bouchet et al.
2011	Cardiinae Carter et al. p. 15

References

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Dockery D. T. (1982) Lower Oligocene Bivalvia of the Vicksburg Group in Mississippi, Mississippi Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Geology 123, 1-261

Woodring W. P. (1982) Geology and paleontology of canal zone and adjoing parts of Panama: Description of Tertiary mollusks (Pelecypods: Propeamussiidae to Cuspidariidae)., United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 306 F

Gliozzi E., Malatesta A. (1983) I molluschi del Paleocene di Baixa Chinhauanine nel bacino del Rio Massintonto (Maputo - Mozambico), Geologica Romana 22, 85-145

Squires R. L. (1984) Megapaleontology of the Eocene Llajas Formation, Simi Valley, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 350, 1-76

Vokes H. E. (1984) Notes on the genus Agnocardia (Mollusca: Cardiidae) with the description of a new species from the Pliocene of Florida, Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 18 2, 37-45

Squires R. L. (1987) Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 388, 1-93

Freneix S., Saint Martin J.-P., et al (1988) Bivalves Hétérodontes du Messinien d'Oranie (Algérie occidentale), Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Section C: Sciences de la Terre 9 4, 415-453

Chiesa J.O., Parma S.G., et al (1995) Observaciones estratigraficas en el Paleogeno del noroeste de la Provincia de Santa Cruz (Republica Argentina). Parte II: Invertebrados marinos de la Formacion El Chacy (Eoceno), Provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. Systematica y bioestratigrafia, Monografias de la Acadamia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas Y Naturales 11, 17-68

Schneider J. A. (2002) Phylogeny of cardiid bivalves (cockles and giant clams): revision of the Cardiinae and theimportance of fossils in explaining dijunct biogeographical distributions, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Socciety 2002 136, 321-369

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., et al (2010) Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families, Malacologia 52 2, 1-184 doi:10.4002/040.052.0201

Carter J. G., Altaba C. R., et al (2011) A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca), University of Kansas Paleontological Institute Paleontological Contributions 4, 1-47

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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