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Caenagnathidae ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	54544	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54544

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Avetheropoda : Caenagnathidae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
infraorder	Oviraptorosauria	Barsbold 1976
superfamily	Caenagnathoidea	Sternberg 1940
family	Caenagnathidae	Sternberg 1940

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Caenagnathiformes	stated without evidence	Sternberg, 1940
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Caenagnathiformes	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1966
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Coelurosauria	implied	Romer, 1966
Caenagnathidae	family	subjective synonym of Ornithomimidae	stated without evidence	Brodkorb, 1978
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated with evidence	Barsbold, 1981
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated without evidence	Barsbold, 1983
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Theropoda	stated without evidence	Thulborn, 1984
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Maniraptora	stated without evidence	Gauthier, 1986
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated without evidence	Currie and Russell, 1988
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Protoavia	stated without evidence	Paul, 1988
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Coelurosauria	stated without evidence	Gauthier et al., 1989
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated without evidence	Osmolska, 1990
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Coelurosauria	stated without evidence	Dong, 1992
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated without evidence	Currie, 1992
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Coelurosauria	stated with evidence	Sereno et al., 1994
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated with evidence	Currie et al., 1994
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated without evidence	Sues, 1994
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Coelurosauria	stated without evidence	Currie, 1995
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated with evidence	Sues, 1997
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated without evidence	Barsbold, 1997
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated with evidence	Sereno, 1998
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated without evidence	Makovicky and Sues, 1998
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated with evidence	Holtz, 2000
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated without evidence	Currie, 2000
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptoroidea	stated without evidence	Maryanska et al., 2002
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated without evidence	Rauhut, 2003
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Caenagnathoidea	stated with evidence	Osmólska et al., 2004
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated without evidence	Lü and Zhang, 2005
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Caenagnathoidea	stated with evidence	Longrich et al., 2013
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Caenagnathoidea	stated without evidence	Yao et al., 2015
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated with evidence	Sues and Averianov, 2015
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated without evidence	Tsuihiji et al., 2015
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Caenagnathoidea	stated without evidence	Tsuihiji et al., 2017
Caenagnathidae	family	belongs to Oviraptorosauria	stated without evidence	Pu et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

125 - 101 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Last Recorded Appearance

70.6 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Oviraptorosauria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Oviraptorosauria)

Diet

omnivore (based on Oviraptorosauria)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Oviraptorosauria)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Oviraptorosauria)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense,intermediate (based on Oviraptorosauria)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. M. Sternberg. 1940. A toothless bird from the Cretaceous of Alberta. Journal of Paleontology 14(1):81-85

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Caenagnathinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Elmisaurinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Anomalipes ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Anzu ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	Chicken From Hell	3	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Apatoraptor ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Beibeilong ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Caenagnathasia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Caenagnathus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		7	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Chirostenotes ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		26	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Elmisaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Epichirostenotes ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gigantoraptor ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hagryphus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Leptorhynchos ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		6	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Macrophalangia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Microvenator ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		4	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Ojoraptorsaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1940	Caenagnathidae Sternberg p. 81
1966	Caenagnathidae Kuhn p. 107
1966	Caenagnathidae Romer p. 369
1971	Caenagnathidae Cracraft p. 806
1981	Caenagnathidae Barsbold
1981	Elmisauridae Osmolska p. 80
1983	Elmisauridae Barsbold p. 86
1983	Caenagnathidae Barsbold p. 93
1984	Caenagnathidae Russell p. 28
1984	Caenagnathidae Thulborn p. 132
1986	Caenagnathidae Gauthier p. 55 fig. 9
1986	Elmisauridae Gauthier p. 55 fig. 9
1988	Elmisauridae Carroll
1988	Caenagnathidae Currie and Russell
1988	Caenagnathidae Paul p. 372
1989	Elmisauridae Currie
1989	Caenagnathidae Gauthier et al. p. 348
1990	Elmisauridae Benton p. 19
1990	Caenagnathidae Osmolska p. 149
1990	Elmisauridae Osmolska p. 149
1992	Caenagnathidae Currie p. 239
1992	Elmisauridae Currie p. 239
1992	Caenagnathidae Dong p. 164
1992	Caenagnathidae Novas p. 147
1994	Caenagnathidae Currie et al.
1994	Elmisauridae Holtz
1994	Caenagnathidae Sereno et al. p. 270

Year	Name and Author
1994	Caenagnathidae Sues p. 48A
1995	Caenagnathidae Currie p. 25A
1997	Caenagnathidae Barsbold p. 505
1997	Elmisauridae Currie p. 733
1997	Caenagnathidae Sereno p. 457
1997	Caenagnathidae Sues p. 699
1998	Caenagnathidae Makovicky and Sues p. 16 fig. 15
1998	Caenagnathidae Sereno p. 65
2000	Caenagnathidae Currie p. 437
2000	Caenagnathidae Holtz, Jr. p. 13 fig. 5
2001	Caenagnathidae Varricchio p. 46
2001	Elmisauridae Varricchio p. 48
2002	Caenagnathidae Maryanska et al. p. 104 fig. 1
2003	Caenagnathidae Rauhut p. 41
2004	Caenagnathidae Osmólska et al. p. 166
2005	Caenagnathidae Lü et al. p. 257
2005	Caenagnathidae Lü and Zhang p. 417
2010	Caenagnathidae Longrich et al. p. 953 fig. 7
2013	Caenagnathidae Longrich et al. p. 41 fig. 14
2014	Caenagnathidae Lamanna et al. p. 10 fig. 6
2015	Caenagnathidae Lü et al.
2015	Caenagnathidae Sues and Averianov
2015	Caenagnathidae Tsuihiji et al. p. 60
2015	Caenagnathidae Yao et al. p. 297
2017	Caenagnathidae Pu et al.
2017	Caenagnathidae Tsuihiji et al. p. 9
2018	Caenagnathidae Yu et al.

References

Sternberg R. M. (1940) A toothless bird from the Cretaceous of Alberta, Journal of Paleontology 14 1, 81-85

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Romer A. S. (1966) , Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd edition, 1-468

Barsbold R. (1981) Bezzubyye khishchnyye dinozavry Mongolii [Toothless carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia], Sovmestnaia Sovetsko-Mongol’skaia Paleontologicheskaia Ekspeditsiia Trudy 15, 28-39

Osmolska H. (1981) Coossified tarsometatarsi in theropod dinosaurs and their bearing on the problem of bird origins, Palaeontologica Polonica 42, 79-95

Barsbold R. (1983) Khishchnye dinosavry mela Mongoliy [Carnivorous dinosaurs from the Cretaceous of Mongolia], Transactions of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition 19, 1-117

Russell D. A. (1984) A check list of the families and genera of North American dinosaurs, Syllogeus 53, 1-35

Gauthier J. A. (1986) Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds, The Origin of Birds and the Evolution of Flight, K. Padian (ed.), Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 8, 1-55

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Currie P. J., Russell D. A. (1988) Osteology and relationships of Chirostenotes pergracilis (Saurischia, Theropoda) from the Judith River (Oldman) Formation of Alberta, Canada, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, 972-986

Paul G. S. (1988) , Predatory Dinosaurs of the World. Simon & Schuster, New York, 1-464

Currie P. J. (1989) The first records of Elmisaurus (Saurischia, Theropoda) from North America, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26 6, 1319-1324

Gauthier J. A., Cannatella D., et al (1989) Tetrapod phylogeny, In B. Fernholm, K. Bremer, & H. Jörnvall (eds.), The Hierarchy of Life. Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, 337-353

Benton M. J. (1990) Origin and interrelationships of dinosaurs, The Dinosauria, D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, & H. Osmólska (editors), University of California Press, Berkeley, 11-30

Dong Z. (1992) Dinosaurian Faunas of China, China Ocean Press, Beijing, 1-188

Novas F. E. (1992) La evolucion de los dinosaurios carnivoros [The evolution of carnivorous dinosaurs], In J. L. Sanz and A. D. Buscalioni (eds.), Los Dinosaurios y Su Entorno Biotico: Actas del Segundo Curso de Paleontologia in Cuenca. Instituto "Juan Valdez", Cuenca, Argentina, 126-163

Currie P. J., Godfrey S. J., et al (1994) New caenagnathid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) specimens from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and Asia, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30 10-11, 2255-2272

Holtz, Jr. T. R. (1994) The phylogenetic position of the Tyrannosauridae: implications for theropod systematics, Journal of Paleontology 68 5, 1100-1117

Sereno P. C., Wilson J. A., et al (1994) Early Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Sahara, Science 266 5183, 267-271

Barsbold R. (1997) Oviraptorosauria, The Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, 505-509

Sereno P. C. (1997) The origin and evolution of dinosaurs, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 25, 435-489

Sues H.-D. (1997) On Chirostenotes, a Late Cretaceous oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from western North America, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17 4, 698-716

Sereno P. C. (1998) A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 210 1, 41-83

Currie P. J. (2000) Theropods from the Cretaceous of Mongolia, The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, 434-455

Varricchio D. J. (2001) Late Cretaceous oviraptorosaur (Theropoda) dinosaurs from Montana, D. H. Tanke and K. Carpenter (eds.), Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 42-57

Maryanska T., Osmólska H., et al (2002) Avialan status for Oviraptorosauria, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 1, 97-116

Rauhut O. W. M. (2003) The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs, Special Papers in Palaeontology 69, 1-213

Osmólska H., Currie P. J., et al (2004) Oviraptorosauria, The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, 165-183

Lü J.-C., Zhang B.-K. (2005) A new oviraptorid (theropod: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong province of southern China, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 44 3, 412-422

Longrich N. R., Currie P. J., et al (2010) A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia, Palaeontology 53 5, 945-960 doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00968.x

Longrich N. R., Barnes K., et al (2013) Caenagnathidae from the upper Campanian Aguja Formation of west Texas, and a revision of the Caenagnathinae, Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 54 1, 23-49 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3374/014.054.0102

Lamanna M. C., Sues H.-D., et al (2014) A New large-bodied oviraptorosaurian theropod dinosaur from the latest Cretaceous of western North America, PLoS ONE 9 3, e92022:1-16 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092022

Lü J., Pu H., et al (2015) A new oviraptorid dinosur (Dinosauria: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of southern China and its paleobiogeographical implicationas, Scientific Reports 5 11490, 1-15 doi:10.1038/srep11490

Sues H.-D., Averianov A. (2015) New material of Caenagnathasia martinsoni (Dinosauria: Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Bissekty Formation (Upper Cretaceous: Turonian) of Uzbekistan, Cretaceous Research 54, 50-59

Tsuihiji T., Watabe M., et al (2015) A gigantic caenagnathid oviraptorosaurian (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia, Cretaceous Research 56 1, 60-65 doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.03.007

Yao X., Wang X.-L., et al (2015) Caenagnathasia sp. (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Iren Dabasu Formation (Upper Cretaceous: Campanian) of Erenhot, Nei Mongol, China, Vertebrata PalAsiatica 53 4, 291-298

Pu H.-Y., Zelenitsky D. K., et al (2017) Perinate and eggs of a giant caenagnathid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of central China, Nature Communications 8, 14952 doi:10.1038/ncomms14952

Tsuihiji T., Witmer L. M., et al (2017) New information on the cranial morphology of Avimimus (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37 4, e1347177:1-12 doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1347177

Yu Y.-L., Wang K.-B., et al (2018) A new caenagnathid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Wangshi Group of Shandong, China, with comments on size variation among oviraptorosaurs, Scientific Reports 8, 5030 doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23252-2

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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