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Titanosaurus indicus ✝

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Photo Gallery

Description

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanosaurus_indicus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	54171	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54171

Rank

species (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Titanosaurus : Titanosaurus indicus

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Eusaurischia	Padian et al. 1999
-	Sauropodomorpha
-	Massopoda	Yates 2007
-	Sauropodiformes	Martinez et al. 2011
-	Sauropoda
-	Eusauropoda	Upchurch 1995
-	Neosauropoda	Bonaparte 1986
-	Macronaria	Sereno 1997
-	Titanosauriformes	Salgado et al. 1997
-	Somphospondyli	Wilson and Sereno 1998
-	Titanosauria	Bonaparte and Coria 1993
-	Eutitanosauria	Sanz et al. 1999
-	Lithostrotia	Upchurch et al. 2004
genus	Titanosaurus	Lydekker 1877
species	Titanosaurus indicus	Lydekker 1877

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Titanosaurus indicus	species	belongs to Titanosaurus	stated without evidence	Lydekker, 1877
Titanosaurus indicus	species	belongs to Titanosaurus	stated with evidence	Huene, 1929
Titanosaurus indicus	species	belongs to Titanosaurus	stated without evidence	Matley, 1931
Titanosaurus indicus	species	belongs to Titanosaurus	stated with evidence	Lapparent, 1947
Titanosaurus indicus	species	belongs to Titanosaurus	stated without evidence	Swinton, 1947
Titanosaurus indicus	species	belongs to Titanosaurus	stated with evidence	Tatarinov, 1964
Titanosaurus indicus	species	belongs to Titanosaurus	stated without evidence	Lapparent, 1967
Titanosaurus indicus	species	belongs to Titanosaurus	stated with evidence	McIntosh, 1990
Titanosaurus indicus	species	belongs to Titanosaurus	stated without evidence	Buffetaut, 1992
Titanosaurus indicus	species	nomen dubium Titanosaurus	stated without evidence	Le Loeuff, 1993
Titanosaurus indicus	species	belongs to Titanosaurus	stated without evidence	Hunt et al., 1995
Titanosaurus indicus	species	belongs to Titanosaurus	implied	Kohring et al., 1996
Titanosaurus indicus	species	belongs to Titanosaurus	stated without evidence	Chatterjee and Rudra, 1996
Titanosaurus indicus	species	nomen dubium Titanosaurus	stated without evidence	Le Loeuff, 1998
Titanosaurus indicus	species	belongs to Titanosaurus	stated without evidence	Prasad and Sahni, 1999
Titanosaurus indicus	species	belongs to Titanosaurus	stated with evidence	Upchurch et al., 2004
Titanosaurus indicus	species	belongs to Titanosaurus	stated without evidence	Mohabey, 2005
Titanosaurus indicus	species	nomen dubium Titanosaurus	stated without evidence	Wilson et al., 2009
Titanosaurus indicus	species	belongs to Titanosaurus	stated without evidence	Mohabey et al., 2013

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

83.5 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Last Recorded Appearance

70.6 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Sauropoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Sauropoda)

Diet

herbivore (based on Sauropoda)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Sauropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Sauropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense,thick (based on Sauropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. Lydekker. 1877. Notices of new and other Vertebrata from Indian Tertiary and Secondary rocks. Records of the Geological Survey of India 10(1):30-43

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanosaurus_indicus

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1877	Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker pp. 38-40
1878	Titanosaurus indicus Cope p. 130
1879	Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker p. 20
1880	Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker p. 18
1883	Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker p. 66
1885	Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker p. 37
1887	Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker pp. 66-67
1888	Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker pp. 134-135
1896	Titanosaurus indicus Depéret p. 187
1921	Titanosaurus indicus Matley p. 153
1922	Titanosaurus indicus Gilmore p. 8
1924	Titanosaurus indicus Joleaud p. 45
1927	Titanosaurus indicus Huene p. 267
1929	Titanosaurus indicus Huene p. 87
1931	Titanosaurus indicus Matley p. 277
1932	Titanosaurus indicus Stromer p. 5
1933	Titanosaurus indicus Huene and Matley p. 7
1942	Titanosaurus indicus Hoffet p. 54
1947	Titanosaurus indicus Lapparent p. 27
1947	Titanosaurus indicus Swinton p. 112
1948	Titanosaurus indicus Lapparent p. 1186
1956	Titanosaurus indicus Lapparent and Aguirre p. 380
1957	Titanosaurus indicus Lapparent p. 112
1957	Titanosaurus indicus Lapparent and Aguirre p. 5
1960	Titanosaurus indicus Bataller p. 159
1960	Titanosaurus indicus Jeletzky p. 34
1964	Titanosaurus indicus Tatarinov p. 545
1967	Titanosaurus indicus Lapparent p. 11
1970	Titanosaurus indicus Steel p. 77
1970	Titanosaurus indicus Swinton p. 183
1971	Titanosaurus indicus Dinca et al. p. 90
1976	Titanosaurus indicus Dughi and Sirugue p. 10
1976	Titanosaurus indicus Russell et al.

Year	Name and Author
1984	Titanosaurus indicus Bonaparte p. 139
1984	Titanosaurus indicus Brinkmann p. 297
1984	Titanosaurus indicus Grigorescu p. 111
1984	Titanosaurus indicus Sanz p. 503
1985	Titanosaurus indicus Penner p. 668
1986	Titanosaurus indicus Casanovas-Cladellas et al. p. 101
1986	Titanosaurus indicus Ginsburg p. 144
1987	Titanosaurus indicus Casanovas et al. p. 100
1987	Titanosaurus indicus Tripathi and Mamgain p. 11
1989	Titanosaurus indicus Jain p. 99
1990	Titanosaurus indicus McIntosh pp. 394-395
1992	Titanosaurus indicus Buffetaut p. 131
1992	Titanosaurus indicus Casanovas Cladellas p. 141
1995	Titanosaurus indicus Hunt et al. pp. 265-266
1995	Titanosaurus indicus Le Loeuff p. 699
1996	Titanosaurus indicus Chatterjee and Rudra p. 514
1996	Titanosaurus indicus Jacobs et al. p. 602
1996	Titanosaurus indicus Kohring et al. p. 51
1996	Titanosaurus indicus Loyal et al. p. 629
1996	Titanosaurus indicus Mohabey p. 367
1996	Titanosaurus indicus Mohabey and Udhoji p. 351
1997	Titanosaurus indicus Sahni p. 361
1998	Titanosaurus indicus Dong p. 82
1999	Titanosaurus indicus Prasad and Sahni p. 379
2001	Titanosaurus indicus Mohabey p. 481
2001	Titanosaurus indicus Tandon p. 126
2003	Titanosaurus indicus Khosla and Sahni p. 900
2003	Titanosaurus indicus Powell p. 22
2004	Titanosaurus indicus Upchurch et al. p. 270
2005	Titanosaurus indicus Mohabey p. 469
2007	Titanosaurus indicus Malkani
2013	Titanosaurus indicus Mohabey et al. pp. 34-36

References

Lydekker R. Notices of new and other Vertebrata from Indian Tertiary and Secondary rocks, Records of the Geological Survey of India 10 1, 30-43

Cope E. D. Geology and palaeontology, The American Naturalist 12 2, 128-130

Lydekker R. Fossil Reptilia and Batrachia, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Palaeontologia Indica, Series IV. Indian Pretertiary Vertebrata 1 3, 1-36

Lydekker R. The Reptilia & Amphibia of the Maleria & Denwa Groups, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Palaeontologia Indica, Series IV. Indian Pretertiary Vertebrata 1 5, 1-38

Lydekker R. , Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria. British Museum (Natural History), London, 1-309

Depéret C. Note sur les dinosauriens sauropodes & théropodes du Crétacé supérieur de Madagascar [Note on the sauropod and theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Madagascar], Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 3e série 24, 176-194

Matley C. A. (1921) On the stratigraphy, fossils and geological relationships of the Lameta beds of Jubbulpore, Records of the Geological Survey of India 53 2, 142-169

Gilmore C. W. (1922) A new sauropod dinosaur from the Ojo Alamo Formation of New Mexico, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 72 34, 1-9

Huene F. v. (1927) Contribución a la paleogeografía de Sud América [Contribution to the paleogeography of South America], Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de la República Argentina 30, 231-294

Huene F. v. (1929) Los sauriquios y ornitisquios del Cretáceo argentino, Anales del Museo de La Plata, serie 2 3, 1-196

Matley C. A. (1931) Recent discoveries of dinosaurs in India, Geological Magazine 48, 274-282

Stromer E. (1932) Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltierreste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 11. Sauropoda [Results of the expeditions of Professor E. Stromer in the Egyptian deserts. II. Vertebrate animal remains from the Baharîje bed (lowest Cenomanian). 11. Sauropoda], Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung, Neue Folge 10, 1-21

Huene F. v., Matley C. A. (1933) The Cretaceous Saurischia and Ornithischia of the Central Provinces of India, Palaeontologica Indica (New Series), Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 21 1, 1-74

Hoffet J.-H. (1942) Description de quelques ossements de Titanosauriens du Sénonien du Bas-Laos [Description of some titanosaurian bones from the Senonian of Lower Laos], Comptes Rendus des Séances du Conseil des Recherches Scientifiques de l'Indochine 1942 1, 49-57

Lapparent A. F. d. (1947) Les dinosauriens du Crétacé Supérieur du Midi de la France [The dinosaurs of the Upper Cretaceous of the south of France], Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France, Nouvelle Série 56, 1-54

Swinton W. E. (1947) New discoveries of Titanosaurus indicus Lyd., Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 11 14, 112-123

Lapparent A. F. d (1948) Les Dinosauriens crétacés du Sud-Est de la France [The Cretaceous dinosaurs of southeastern France], Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences à Paris 222, 1185-1187

Lapparent A. F. d., Aguirre E. (1956) Algunos yacimientos de Dinosaurios en el Cretácico Superior de la Cuenca de Tremp [Some dinosaur localities in the Upper Cretaceous of the Termp Basin], Estudios Geológicos 12 31/32, 377-382

Lapparent A. F. d. (1957) The Cretaceous dinosaurs of Africa and India, Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 2, 109-112

Bataller J. B. (1960) Los vertebrados del Cretácico Español [The vertebrates from the Spanish Cretaceous], Notas y Comunicaciones del Instituto Geologico y Minero de España 60, 141-164

Tatarinov L. P. (1964) Nadotryad Dinosauria. Dinozavry [Superorder Dinosauria. Dinosaurs], Osnovy Paleontologii [Fundamentals of Paleontology] 12, 523-589

Lapparent A. F. d. (1967) Les dinosaures de France [The dinosaurs of France], Sciences 51, 4-19

Steel R. (1970) Part 14. Saurischia, Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1-87

Swinton W. E. (1970) , The Dinosaurs, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1-331

Dinca A., Tocorjescu M., et al (1971) Despre vîrsta depozitelor continentale cu dinozaurieni din bazinele Hateg si Rusca Montana [On the age of continental deposits with dinosaurians from the Hateg and Rusca Montana basins], Dari de Seama ale Sedintelor 58 4, 83-94

Russell D., Russell D. E., et al (1976) Nouvelles récoltes de vertébrés dans le terraines continentaux du Crétacé supérieur de la région de Majunga (Madagascar) [New collections of vertebrates in the Upper Cretaceous continental terrains of the Majunga region (Madagascar)], Comptes Rendus de la Société Géologique de France 1976 5, 205-208

Bonaparte J. F. (1984) I dinosauri dell’Argentina [, Sulle Orme dei Dinosauri, 125-143

Brinkmann W. (1984) Erster Nachweis eines Hadrosauriers (Ornithischia) aus dem unteren Garumnium (Maastrichtium) des Beckens von Tremp (Provinz Lérida, Spanien) [First proof of hadrosaurs (Ornithischia) from the lower Garumnian (Maastrichtian) of the Tremp basin (Lérida province, Spain)], Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 58 3/4, 295-305

Sanz J. L. (1984) Las faunas españolas de dinosaurios [The Spanish dinosaur faunas], I Congreso Español de Geología, Segovia, 497-506

Penner M. M. (1985) The problem of dinosaur extinction. Contribution of the study of terminal Cretaceous eggshells from southeast France, Geobios 18 5, 665-669

Casanovas M. L., Santafé J. S., et al (1987) Arcosaurios (Crocodilia, Dinosauria) del Cretácico superior de la Conca de Tremp (Lleida, España) [Archosaurs (Crocodilia, Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Tremp Basin (Lleida, Spain)], Estudios Geologicos, Volumen Extraordinario Galve-Tremp, 95-110

Jain S. L. (1989) Recent dinosaur discoveries in India, including eggshells, nests and coprolites, Dinosaur Tracks and Traces, 99-108

McIntosh J. S. (1990) Sauropoda, The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley, 345-401

Casanovas Cladellas M. L. (1992) Novedades en el registro fósil de dinosaurios del levante español [Developments in the fossil record of dinosaurs from the Spanish Levant], Zubía 10, 139-151

Hunt A. P., Lockley M. G., et al (1995) The global sauropod fossil record, Aspects of Sauropod Paleobiology. GAIA 10, 261-279

Le Loeuff J. (1995) Ampelosaurus atacis (nov, gen., nov. sp.), un nouveau Titanosauridae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) du Crétacé supérieur de la Haute Vallée de l'Aude (France) [Ampelosaurus atacis (nov, gen., nov. sp.), a new titanosaurid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Upper Aude Valley (France)], Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences à Paris, Série IIa 321, 693-699

Chatterjee S., Rudra D. K. (1996) KT events in India: impact, rifting, volcanism and dinosaur extinction, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 39 3, 489-532

Jacobs L. L., Winkler D. A., et al (1996) Cretaceous dinosaurs of Africa: examples from Cameroon and Malawi, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 39 3, 595-610

Kohring R., Bandel K., et al (1996) Shell structure of a dinosaur egg from the Maastrichtian of Ariyalur (southern India), Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte 1996 1, 48-64

Loyal R. S., Khosla A., et al (1996) Gondwanan dinosaurs of India: affinities and palaeobiogeography, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 39 3, 627-638

Mohabey D. M. (1996) Depositional environment of Lameta Formation (Late Cretaceous) of Nand-Dongargaon inland basin, Maharashtra: the fossil and lithological evidences, In A. Sahni (ed.), Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Palaeoenvironments (L. Rama Rao Volume). Geological Society of India Memoir 37, 363-386

Sahni A. (1997) Indian dinosaurs, Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, 361-368

Mohabey D. M. (2001) Indian dinosaur eggs: a review, Journal of the Geological Society of India 58 6, 479-508

Khosla A., Sahni A. (2003) Biodiversity during the Deccan volcanic eruptive episode, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 21 8, 895-908 doi:10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00092-5

Powell J. E. (2003) Revision of South American titanosaurid dinosaurs: palaeobiological, palaeobiogeographical and phylogenetic aspects, Records of the Queen Victoria Museum Launceston 111, 1-173

Upchurch P., Barrett P. M., et al (2004) Sauropoda, The Dinosauria (2nd edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, 259-322

Mohabey D. M. (2005) Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) nests, eggs, and dung mass (coprolites) of sauropods (titanosaurs) from India, Thunder-Lizards: The Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 466-490

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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