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Psittacosauridae ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38843	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38843

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Psittacosauridae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Ornithischia
-	Neornithischia
-	Clypeodonta	Norman 2014
-	Cerapoda	Sereno 1986
-	Marginocephalia	Sereno 1986
-	Ceratopsia
family	Psittacosauridae	Osborn 1923

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Iguanodontia	stated with evidence	Osborn, 1924
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Thyreophoroidea	stated with evidence	Nopcsa, 1928
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Thyreophoroidea	stated without evidence	Huene, 1934
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ornithopoda	stated without evidence	Roxo, 1937
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ornithopoda	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1946
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Kalodontoidea	stated with evidence	Huene, 1948
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ornithopoda	implied	Romer, 1956
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ornithopoda	stated without evidence	Huene, 1959
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ornithopoda	stated with evidence	Tatarinov, 1964
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ornithopoda	stated without evidence	Kuhn, 1964
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ornithopoda	implied	Romer, 1966
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ornithopoda	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1966
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ornithopoda	stated without evidence	Swinton, 1970
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ceratopsia	stated without evidence	Thulborn, 1971
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ornithopoda	stated without evidence	Galton, 1972
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Dolichopoda	stated without evidence	Thulborn, 1974
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ornitophoda	stated with evidence	Bonaparte, 1978
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ornithopoda	stated without evidence	Ostrom, 1980
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ceratopsia	stated without evidence	Coombs, 1982
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ceratopsoidea	stated without evidence	Norman, 1984
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ceratopsia	stated without evidence	Maryanska and Osmólska, 1985
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Psittacosauroidea	stated without evidence	Cooper, 1985
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ceratopsia	stated with evidence	Ostrom and Wellnhofer, 1986
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ceratopsia	stated without evidence	Bakker, 1986
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ceratopsia	implied	Carroll, 1988
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ceratopsia	stated with evidence	Dodson, 1990
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ceratopsia	stated without evidence	Buffetaut and Ingavat, 1992
Psittacosauridae	family	belongs to Ceratopsia	stated with evidence	Butler et al., 2008

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

145 - 130 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Last Recorded Appearance

125 - 101 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Ceratopsia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Ornithischia)

Diet

herbivore (based on Ceratopsia)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Ornithischia)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Ornithischia)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Ornithischia)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

H. F. Osborn. 1923. Two Lower Cretaceous dinosaurs of Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 95:1-10

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Protiguanodontinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Xuanhuasaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1923	Psittacosauridae Osborn p. 6
1924	Psittacosauridae Osborn
1927	Stenopelyxidae Nopcsa
1928	Psittacosauridae Nopcsa p. 185
1929	Psittacosauridae Nopcsa p. 71
1934	Psittacosauridae Huene p. 15
1937	Psittacosauridae Roxo p. 65
1946	Psittacosauridae Kuhn p. 66
1946	Stenopelyxidae Kuhn p. 66
1948	Psittacosauridae Huene p. 94
1956	Psittacosauridae Romer p. 631
1959	Psittacosauridae Huene p. 122
1963	Psittacosauridae Parsch p. 4
1964	Psittacosauridae Kuhn p. 29
1964	Psittacosauridae Tatarinov p. 555
1966	Psittacosauridae Kuhn p. 103
1966	Psittacosauridae Romer p. 370
1970	Psittacosauridae Swinton p. 232
1970	Psittacosauridae Thulborn p. 428 fig. 9
1971	Psittacosauridae Thulborn p. 77
1972	Psittacosauridae Galton p. 466
1974	Psittacosauridae Thulborn p. 172
1977	Psittacosauridae Thulborn p. 737

Year	Name and Author
1978	Psittacosauridae Bonaparte p. 569
1980	Psittacosauridae Ostrom p. 22
1982	Psittacosauridae Coombs, Jr. p. 100
1982	Psittacosauridae Sues and Galton p. 189
1984	Psittacosauridae Norman p. 160 fig. 2
1985	Stenopelixidae Cooper p. 291
1985	Psittacosauridae Cooper p. 292
1985	Psittacosauridae Maryanska and Osmólska pp. 143-144 fig. 1
1986	Psittacosauridae Bakker p. 461
1986	Psittacosauridae Ostrom and Wellnhofer p. 117
1988	Psittacosauridae Carroll
1990	Psittacosauridae Dodson p. 578
1990	Psittacosauridae Sereno p. 589
1992	Psittacosauridae Buffetaut and Ingavat
1997	Psittacosauridae Dodson p. 473
1997	Psittacosauridae Sereno p. 611
2004	Psittacosauridae You and Dodson p. 479
2006	Psittacosauridae Campione and Holmes p. 1014
2007	Psittacosauridae Chinnery and Horner p. 638 fig. 6
2008	Psittacosauridae Butler et al. p. 22 figs. 2-4
2010	Psittacosauridae Sereno p. 25
2012	Psittacosauridae Han et al. p. 1391 fig. 14
2015	Psittacosauridae Zheng et al. p. 6–7 fig. 3

References

Osborn H. F. (1923) Two Lower Cretaceous dinosaurs of Mongolia, American Museum Novitates 95, 1-10

Osborn H. F. (1924) Psittacosaurus and Protiguanodon: two Lower Cretaceous iguanodonts from Mongolia, American Museum Novitates 127, 1-16

Nopcsa B. F. (1928) The genera of reptiles, Palaeobiologica 1, 163-188

Nopcsa B. F. (1929) Dinosaurierreste aus Siebenbürgen V. [Dinosaur remains from Siebenbürgen V], Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica 4, 1-72

Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67

Romer A. S. (1956) , Osteology of the Reptiles, University of Chicago Press, 1-772

Tatarinov L. P. (1964) Nadotryad Dinosauria. Dinozavry [Superorder Dinosauria. Dinosaurs], Osnovy Paleontologii [Fundamentals of Paleontology] 12, 523-589

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Romer A. S. (1966) , Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd edition, 1-468

Swinton W. E. (1970) , The Dinosaurs, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1-331

Thulborn R. A. (1970) The skull of Fabrosaurus australis, a Triassic ornithischian dinosaur, Palaeontology 13 3, 414-432

Galton P. M. (1972) Classification and evolution of ornithopod dinosaurs, Nature 239, 464-466

Thulborn R. A. (1974) A new heterodontosaurid dinosaur (Reptilia: Ornithischia) from the Upper Triassic red beds of Lesotho, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 55, 151-175

Bonaparte J. F. (1978) El Mesozoico de America de Sur y sus Tetrapodos [The Mesozoic of South America and its tetrapods], Opera Lilloana 26, 1-596

Ostrom J. H. (1980) The evidence for endothermy in dinosaurs, In E. C. Olson & R. D. K. Thomas (eds.), A Cold Look at the Warm-Blooded Dinosaurs. AAAS Selected Symposium 28. Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 15-54

Bakker R. T. (1986) , The Dinosaur Heresies. William Morrow and Company, Inc, New York, 1-481

Ostrom J. H., Wellnhofer P. (1986) The Munich specimen of Triceratops with a revision of the genus, Zitteliana 14, 111-158

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Buffetaut E., Ingavat R. (1992) A new species of the ornithischian dinosaur Psittacosaurus from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand, Palaeontology 35 4, 801-812

Chinnery B. J., Horner J. R. (2007) A new neoceratopsian dinosaur linking North American and Asian taxa, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 3, 625-641

Butler R. J., Upchurch P., et al (2008) The phylogeny of ornithischian dinosaurs, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6 1, 1-40 doi:10.1017/S1477201907002271

Sereno P. C. (2010) Taxonomy, cranial morphology, and relationships of parrot-beaked dinosaurs (Ceratopsia: Psittacosaurus), New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 21-58

Han F.-L., Barrett P. M., et al (2012) Postcranial anatomy of Jeholosaurus shangyuanensis (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 6, 1370-1395 doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694385

Zheng W., Jin X., et al (2015) A psittacosaurid-like basal neoceratopsian from the Upper Cretaceous of central China and its implications for basal ceratopsian evolution, Scientific Reports 5, 14190:1-9 doi:10.1038/srep14190

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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