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Pachycephalosauria ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38782	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38782

Rank

unranked clade (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Pachycephalosauria

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Ornithischia
-	Neornithischia
-	Clypeodonta	Norman 2014
-	Cerapoda	Sereno 1986
-	Marginocephalia	Sereno 1986
suborder	Pachycephalosauria

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Pachycephalosauria	suborder	belongs to Ornithischia	stated with evidence	Maryanska and Osmolska, 1974
Pachycephalosauria	suborder	belongs to Ornithischia	stated without evidence	Zhao, 1983
Pachycephalosauria	infraorder	belongs to Neornithopoda	stated without evidence	Cooper, 1985
Pachycephalosauria	suborder	belongs to Ornithischia	stated without evidence	Maryanska and Osmólska, 1985
Pachycephalosauria	suborder	belongs to Marginocephalia	stated with evidence	Sereno, 1986
Pachycephalosauria	suborder	belongs to Marginocephalia	stated without evidence	Sues and Galton, 1987
Pachycephalosauria	suborder	belongs to Ornithischia	implied	Carroll, 1988
Pachycephalosauria	suborder	belongs to Marginocephalia	stated with evidence	Benton, 1990
Pachycephalosauria	suborder	belongs to Marginocephalia	stated without evidence	Sereno, 1997
Pachycephalosauria	suborder	belongs to Marginocephalia	stated with evidence	Sereno, 1998
Pachycephalosauria	suborder	belongs to Ornithischia	stated without evidence	Peng et al., 2001
Pachycephalosauria	suborder	belongs to Marginocephalia	stated without evidence	Weishampel, 2004
Pachycephalosauria	unranked clade	belongs to Marginocephalia	stated with evidence	Butler et al., 2008

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

101 - 84 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Last Recorded Appearance

70.6 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Ornithischia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Ornithischia)

Diet

herbivore (based on Ornithischia)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Ornithischia)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Ornithischia)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Ornithischia)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

T. Maryanska and H. Osmolska. 1974. Pachycephalosauria, a new suborder of ornithischian dinosaurs. Palaeontologia Polonica 30:45-102

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Goyocephalia ✝ infraorder	listed (PBDB)
Pachycephalosauroidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)
Tianchungosauroidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)
Homalocephalidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)
Pachycephalosauridae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)	143	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Goyocephale ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Homalocephale ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	2	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Qiyunshanpus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Wannanosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1974	Pachycephalosauria Maryanska and Osmolska p. 50
1983	Pachycephalosauria Zhao pp. 299-300
1984	Pachycephalosauria Russell p. 29
1985	Pachycephalosauria Cooper p. 291
1985	Pachycephalosauria Maryanska and Osmólska p. 143 fig. 1
1986	Pachycephalosauria Sereno
1987	Pachycephalosauria Sues and Galton pp. 36-37
1988	Pachycephalosauria Carroll
1990	Pachycephalosauria Benton p. 19
1990	Pachycephalosauria Dodson p. 562

Year	Name and Author
1997	Pachycephalosauria Sereno p. 443
1998	Pachycephalosauria Sereno p. 62
1999	Pachycephalosauria Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2000	Pachycephalosauria Sereno p. 482
2001	Pachycephalosauria Peng et al. p. 36
2004	Pachycephalosauria Weishampel p. 323
2006	Pachycephalosauria Xu et al. p. 2139 fig. 3
2007	Pachycephalosauria Butler et al. p. S18 fig. S2
2008	Pachycephalosauria Butler et al. pp. 21-22
2012	Pachycephalosauria Han et al. p. 1391 fig. 14

References

Maryanska T., Osmolska H. (1974) Pachycephalosauria, a new suborder of ornithischian dinosaurs, Palaeontologia Polonica 30, 45-102

Zhao X. (1983) Phylogeny and evolutionary stages of Dinosauria, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 28 1-2, 295-306

Russell D. A. (1984) A check list of the families and genera of North American dinosaurs, Syllogeus 53, 1-35

Sereno P. C. (1986) Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (order Ornithischia), National Geographic Research 2 2, 234-256

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Benton M. J. (1990) Origin and interrelationships of dinosaurs, The Dinosauria, D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, & H. Osmólska (editors), University of California Press, Berkeley, 11-30

Sereno P. C. (1997) The origin and evolution of dinosaurs, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 25, 435-489

Sereno P. C. (1998) A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 210 1, 41-83

Sereno P. C. (1999) The evolution of dinosaurs, Science 284, 2137-2147

Sereno P. C. (2000) The fossil record, systematics and evolution of pachycephalosaurs and ceratopsians from Asia, The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, 480-516

Peng J., Russell A. P., et al (2001) Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25, 1-54

Xu X., Forster C. A., et al (2006) A basal ceratopsian with transitional features from the Late Jurassic of northwestern China, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 273, 2135-2140

Butler R. J., Smith R. M. H., et al (2007) A primitive ornithischian dinosaur from the Late Triassic of South Africa, and the early evolution and diversification of Ornithischia, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 274, 2041-2046

Butler R. J., Upchurch P., et al (2008) The phylogeny of ornithischian dinosaurs, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6 1, 1-40 doi:10.1017/S1477201907002271

Han F.-L., Barrett P. M., et al (2012) Postcranial anatomy of Jeholosaurus shangyuanensis (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 6, 1370-1395 doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694385

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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