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Therizinosauridae ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38552	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38552

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Avetheropoda : Therizinosauridae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptoriformes	Holtz and Padian 1995
-	Therizinosauria	Russell 1997
superfamily	Therizinosauroidea	Russell and Dong 1994
family	Therizinosauridae	Maleev 1954

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Reptilia	stated without evidence	Maleev, 1954
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Deinocheirosauria	stated without evidence	Barsbold, 1976
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Theropoda	stated without evidence	Barsbold, 1976
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Deinocheirosauria	stated without evidence	Barsbold, 1977
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Theropoda	stated without evidence	Rozhdestvensky, 1977
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Carnosauria	stated without evidence	Ostrom, 1980
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Deinocheirosauria	stated without evidence	Barsbold, 1983
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Theropoda	implied	Carroll, 1988
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Coelurosauria	stated with evidence	Sereno et al., 1994
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Therizinosauroidea	stated with evidence	Russell and Dong, 1994
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Segnosauria	stated without evidence	Nessov, 1995
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Therizinosauroidea	stated without evidence	Clark et al., 1995
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Coelurosauria	stated without evidence	Sereno, 1997
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Ornithomimosauria	stated with evidence	Sereno, 1998
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Therizinosauroidea	stated without evidence	Currie, 2000
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Coelurosauria	stated without evidence	Kirkland and Wolfe, 2001
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Therizinosauroidea	stated without evidence	Zhang et al., 2001
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Therizinosauroidea	stated with evidence	Clark et al., 2004
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Therizinosauroidea	stated without evidence	Zanno, 2004
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Therizinosauroidea	stated with evidence	Li et al., 2008
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Therizinosauroidea	stated without evidence	Li, 2008
Therizinosauridae	family	belongs to Therizinosauroidea	stated with evidence	Pu et al., 2013

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

201 - 199 Ma
Early Jurassic

Last Recorded Appearance

72.1 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Therizinosauroidea)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

herbivore (based on Therizinosauroidea)

Reproduction

oviparous (based on Therizinosauroidea)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

E. A. Maleev. 1954. Noviy cherepachoobrazhniy yashcher v Mongolii [New tortoise-like saurian from Mongolia]. Priroda 1954(3):106-108

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Enigmosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Enigmatic Lizard	1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Erliansaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Eshanosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	201 Ma Early Jurassic	201 Ma Early Jurassic
Nanshiungosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	112 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Neimongosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nothronychus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Segnosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Suzhousaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Suzhou Lizard	2	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	112 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Therizinosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Tiantaisaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1954	Therizinosauridae Maleev p. 108
1976	Therizinosauridae Barsbold p. 75
1977	Therizinosauridae Barsbold p. 50
1977	Therizinosauridae Rozhdestvensky p. 112
1979	Segnosauridae Perle p. 45
1980	Segnosauridae Barsbold and Perle pp. 187-188
1980	Therizinosauridae Ostrom p. 22
1983	Therizinosauridae Barsbold p. 101
1983	Segnosauridae Barsbold p. 104
1983	Enigmosauridae Barsbold p. 106
1983	Enigmosauridae Barsbold and Perle p. 106
1988	Segnosauridae Carroll
1988	Therizinosauridae Carroll
1989	Segnosauridae Mader and Bradley p. 51
1992	Segnosauridae Dong p. 167
1994	Therizinosauridae Russell and Dong pp. 2119-2120
1994	Therizinosauridae Sereno et al. p. 270
1995	Therizinosauridae Clark et al. p. 24A
1995	Segnosauridae Nessov pp. 35-36
1995	Therizinosauridae Nessov pp. 35-36

Year	Name and Author
1997	Nanshiungosauridae Dong and Yu p. 90
1997	Segnosauridae Dong and Yu p. 90
1997	Therizinosauridae Sereno p. 457
1998	Therizinosauridae Sereno p. 65
1999	Therizinosauridae Sereno p. 2139 fig. 2
2000	Therizinosauridae Currie p. 439
2001	Therizinosauridae Kirkland and Wolfe p. 410
2001	Therizinosauridae Zhang et al. p. 284
2002	Therizinosauridae Xu et al. p. 230
2003	Therizinosauridae Rauhut p. 41
2004	Therizinosauridae Clark et al. p. 152
2004	Therizinosauridae Zanno p. 134A
2006	Therizinosauridae Zanno p. 648
2007	Therizinosauridae Li et al. pp. 546-547 fig. 4
2008	Therizinosauridae Li p. 47
2008	Therizinosauridae Li et al. pp. 778-779
2009	Therizinosauridae Zanno et al. pp. S1-5
2012	Therizinosauridae Senter et al. p. 11 fig. 7
2013	Therizinosauridae Pu et al.

References

Maleev E. A. (1954) Noviy cherepachoobrazhniy yashcher v Mongolii [New tortoise-like saurian from Mongolia], Priroda 1954 3, 106-108

Barsbold R. (1976) K evolyutsii i sistematike pozdnemezozoyskikh khishchnykh dinozavrov [The evolution and systematics of late Mesozoic carnivorous dinosaurs], In N. N. Kramarenko, B. Luvsandansan, Y. I. Voronin, R. Barsbold, A. K. Rozhdestvensky, B. A. Trofimov & V. Y. Reshetov (eds.), Paleontology and Biostratigraphy of Mongolia. The Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Transactions 3, 68-75

Barsbold R. (1977) O evolutsiy chishcheich dinosavrov [On the evolution of carnivorous dinosaurs], Trudy - Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya 4, 48-56

Rozhdestvensky A. K. (1977) The study of dinosaurs in Asia, Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 20, 102-119

Perle A. (1979) Segnosauridae - novoe semeistvo teropod is posdnego mela Mongolii [Segnosauridae - a new family of theropods from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia], Trudy - Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya 8, 45-55

Barsbold R., Perle A. (1980) Segnosauria, a new infraorder of carnivorous dinosaurs, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 25 2, 187-195

Ostrom J. H. (1980) The evidence for endothermy in dinosaurs, In E. C. Olson & R. D. K. Thomas (eds.), A Cold Look at the Warm-Blooded Dinosaurs. AAAS Selected Symposium 28. Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 15-54

Barsbold R. (1983) Khishchnye dinosavry mela Mongoliy [Carnivorous dinosaurs from the Cretaceous of Mongolia], Transactions of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition 19, 1-117

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Mader B. J., Bradley R. L. (1989) A redescription and revised diagnosis of the syntypes of the Mongolian tyrannosaur Alectrosaurus olseni, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9 1, 41-55

Dong Z. (1992) Dinosaurian Faunas of China, China Ocean Press, Beijing, 1-188

Russell D. A., Dong Z.-M. (1994) The affinities of a new theropod from the Alxa Desert, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30 10-11, 2107-2127

Sereno P. C., Wilson J. A., et al (1994) Early Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Sahara, Science 266 5183, 267-271

Nessov L. A. (1995) Dinozavri severnoi Yevrazii: Novye dannye o sostave kompleksov, ekologii i paleobiogeografii [Dinosaurs of northern Eurasia: new data about assemblages, ecology, and paleobiogeography], Institute for Scientific Research on the Earth's Crust, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 1-156

Dong Z., Yu H. (1997) A new segnosaur from Mazongshan area, Gansu Province, China, Sino-Japanese Silk Road Dinosaur Expedition. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 90-95

Sereno P. C. (1997) The origin and evolution of dinosaurs, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 25, 435-489

Sereno P. C. (1998) A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 210 1, 41-83

Sereno P. C. (1999) The evolution of dinosaurs, Science 284, 2137-2147

Currie P. J. (2000) Theropods from the Cretaceous of Mongolia, The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, 434-455

Kirkland J. I., Wolfe D. G. (2001) First definitive therizinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from North America, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21 3, 410-414

Zhang X.-H., Xu X., et al (2001) A long-necked therizinosauroid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Iren Dabasu Formation of Nei Mongol, People's Republic of China, Vertebrata PalAsiatica 39 4, 282-290

Xu X., Zhang Z.-H., et al (2002) A new therizinosauroid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Iren Dabasu Formation of Nei Mongol, Vertebrata PalAsiatica 40 3, 228-240

Rauhut O. W. M. (2003) The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs, Special Papers in Palaeontology 69, 1-213

Clark J. M., Maryanska T., et al (2004) Therizinosauroidea, The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, 151-164

Li D., Peng C., et al (2007) A large therizinosauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of northwestern China, Acta Geologica Sinica 81 4, 539-549

Li D.-q., You H.-l., et al (2008) A new specimen of Suzhousaurus megatherioides (Dinosauria: Therizinosauroidea) from the Early Cretaceous of northwestern China, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 45, 769-779 doi:10.1139/E08-21

Zanno L. E., Gillette D. D., et al (2009) A new North American therizinosaurid and the role of herbivory in 'predatory' dinosaur evolution, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1029

Senter P., Kirkland J. I., et al (2012) Martharaptor greenriverensis, a new theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, PLoS ONE 7 8, e43911:1-12 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043911

Pu H., Kobayashi Y., et al (2013) An unusual basal therizinosaur with an ornithischian dental arrangement from northeastern China, PLoS ONE 8 5, e63423

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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