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Hexactinosa

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	3842	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=3842

Rank

order (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Porifera : Hexactinellida : Hexactinosa

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
phylum	Porifera	Grant 1836
class	Hexactinellida	Schmidt 1870
subclass	Hexasterophora	Schulze 1886
order	Hexactinosa	Schrammen 1903

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Hexactinosa	order	belongs to Hexasterophora	stated without evidence	Rigby and Mohanti, 1993
Hexactinosa	order	belongs to Hexactinellida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Hexactinosa	order	belongs to Hexasterophora	implied	Bambach et al., 2007

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

277

Extant Size (PBDB)

33 (12%)

First Recorded Appearance

456 - 450 Ma
Late/Upper Ordovician

Environment

marine (based on Hexactinellida)

Motility

stationary, attached (based on Hexactinosa)

Vision

blind (based on Hexactinellida)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Hexactinosa)

Ecospace Comments

COMMENTS: Erect, non-motile attached suspension feeding according to Bambach et al. (2007)

Taphonomy

silica (based on Hexactinellida)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Clavularia suborder	listed (PBDB)	15	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Scopularia suborder	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Pileolitoidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)	11	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Aphrocallistidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	77	109 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Aulocalycidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	161 Ma Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Auloplacidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cribrospongiidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	199	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	0 Ma Extant
Cystispongiidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Euretidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	193	380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	0 Ma Extant
Pillaraspongiidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Staurodermatidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	40	165 Ma Middle Jurassic	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Tretodictyidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	27	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Aulacosia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Belonisia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Caesaria ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	156 Ma Jurassic	156 Ma Jurassic
Carinthiaspongus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	242 Ma Middle Triassic	242 Ma Middle Triassic
Caseispongia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cincliderma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Diphyllospira ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Emploca ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Eubrochus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Eutactostomium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Fieldingia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Idiodictyon ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Koleostoma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Laocaetis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	11.6 Ma Miocene
Lonsda ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Lopanella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Mastodictyum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Mimeticosia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Multiloqua ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	161 Ma Jurassic	156 Ma Jurassic
Mysterium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Nitidus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Octobrum ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	157 Ma Jurassic	156 Ma Jurassic
Palaeostauronema ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Paracraticularia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	156 Ma Jurassic	47.8 Ma Eocene
Petalope ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Placochlaenia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	156 Ma Jurassic	156 Ma Jurassic
Plecteurette ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Plectospyris ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Polyschema ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Polysyge ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Poriferella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Porospongia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	21	165 Ma Middle Jurassic	109 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Protremadictyon ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Psephosyllogus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	161 Ma Jurassic	161 Ma Jurassic
Psilocalyx ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Rhogostomium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	161 Ma Jurassic	156 Ma Jurassic
Rhombedonium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Rhopalicna ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Scotospongia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	242 Ma Middle Triassic	242 Ma Middle Triassic
Synaulia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Walcottella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Xenoschrammenus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Zittelospongia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1903	Hexactinosa Schrammen
1993	Hexactinosida Rigby and Mohanti p. 917
1996	Hexactinosa Rigby and Albi p. 909
2002	Hexactinosa Sepkoski, Jr.
2007	Hexactinosida Bambach et al. p. S4

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Rigby J. K., Mohanti M. (1993) A new hexactinellid sponge from the Eocene of Kutch, India, Journal of Paleontology 67 6, 917-922

Rigby J. K., Albi Y. (1996) An Upper Miocene hexactinellid xponge from the Puente Shale, Orange County, California, Journal of Paleontology 70 6, 908-913

Bambach R. K., Bush A. M., et al (2007) Supplement to Autecology and the filling of ecospace: Key metazoan radiations, Palaeontology 50 1, 1-22

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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