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Hexactinellida
| Source Data |
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| Rank | class (PBDB) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Porifera : Hexactinellida | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Common Name | glass sponge | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 1,107 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 70 (6.3%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 635 - 541 Ma Neoproterozoic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | marine (based on Hexactinellida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | stationary, attached (based on Hexactinellida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vision | blind (based on Hexactinellida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | suspension feeder (based on Hexactinellida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ecospace Comments | COMMENTS: Erect, non-motile attached suspension feeding according to Bambach et al. (2007) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | silica (based on Hexactinellida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hexasterophora subclass | listed (PBDB) | 655 | 456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Amphidiscosa order | listed (PBDB) | 39 | 485 Ma Cambrian | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Hemidiscosa ✝ order | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 299 Ma Carboniferous | 299 Ma Carboniferous | |
| Innaecoeliida order | listed (PBDB) | 368 | 380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Lychniscosa order | listed (PBDB) | 930 | 513 Ma Cambrian | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Lyssacinosa order | listed (PBDB) | 154 | 516 Ma Cambrian | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Lyssakida order | listed (PBDB) | 22 | 541 Ma Cambrian | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Reticulosa order | listed (PBDB) | 353 | 635 Ma Neoproterozoic | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Sceptrulophora order | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 191 Ma Early Jurassic | 191 Ma Early Jurassic | |
| Stromatidiidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 272 Ma Permian | 265 Ma Permian | |
| Acanothyra ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Antrispongia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Australispongia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 497 Ma Cambrian | 485 Ma Cambrian | |
| Azyrtalia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Baccispongia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 161 Ma Jurassic | 161 Ma Jurassic | |
| Bothroconis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 260 Ma Permian | 260 Ma Permian | |
| Chelispongia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Chirospongia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Crucispongia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Diplopleura ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Farreopsis ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Gonamispongia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Hemidiagoniella ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 458 Ma Middle Ordovician | 458 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Hintzesnonaia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Hodsia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 254 Ma Permian | 212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Kometia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 516 Ma Cambrian | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Konyrium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 497 Ma Cambrian | 466 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Krainerella genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | |
| Lysactinella ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Nephelispongia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Pachylepisma ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Pinnatispongia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 497 Ma Cambrian | 497 Ma Cambrian | |
| Silicunculus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | 450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician | |
| Solusrectus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 458 Ma Middle Ordovician | 458 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Stiodermiella ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | 419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Testiispongia genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 513 Ma Cambrian | 513 Ma Cambrian | |
| Textispongia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Uralonema ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Amphidiscophora unranked clade | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 0 Ma Extant |
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1870 | Hexactinellida Schmidt |
| 1998 | Hexactinellida Zrzavy et al. |
| 2002 | Hexactinellida Reiswig p. 1378 |
| 2002 | Hexactinellida Sepkoski, Jr. |
| 2004 | Hexactinellida Finks et al. |
| 2012 | Hexactinellida Nielsen p. 20 |
| 2012 | Hexactinellida Worheide et al. p. 33 figs. Fig. 1.1 |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
Roberts Mesa fossil locality, Gila County, Arizona, USA