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Scutella (Echinarachnius)

Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)356186https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=356186
Ranksubgenus (PBDB)
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Clypeasteroida : Echinarachniidae : Scutella (Echinarachnius)
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
-Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermataKlein 1754
subphylumEchinozoavon Zittel 1895
classEchinoidea
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
superorderAcroechinoidea
-CarinaceaKroh and Smith 2010
-Irregularia
-MicrostomataSmith 1984
-NeognathostomataSmith 1981
orderClypeasteroidaAgassiz 1836
suborderScutellina
infraorderScutelliformesHaeckel 1896
familyEchinarachniidaeLambert and Thiéry 1914
subgenusScutella (Echinarachnius)Gray 1825
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Scutella (Echinarachnius)genusbelongs to Echinoideastated without evidencePack, 1909
Scutella (Echinarachnius)subgenusbelongs to Scutellastated without evidenceClark, 1909
Scutella (Echinarachnius)genusbelongs to Scutellidaestated without evidenceClark and Twitchell, 1915
Scutella (Echinarachnius)genusbelongs to Scutellidaestated without evidenceGrant and Hertlein, 1938
Scutella (Echinarachnius)genusbelongs to Scutellidaestated without evidenceCooke, 1942
Scutella (Echinarachnius)genusbelongs to Echinarachniidaestated without evidenceDurham, 1966
Scutella (Echinarachnius)genusbelongs to Clypeasteroidasecond handSepkoski, 2002
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)11
Extant Size (PBDB)2 (18%)
First Recorded Appearance28.1 - 23.0 Ma
Cenozoic
Environmentmarine (based on Echinodermata)
Motilityslow-moving (based on Clypeasteroida)
Visionlimited (based on Echinoidea)
Dietdetritivore (based on Clypeasteroida)
Reproductiondispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata)
Ontogenyaccretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)
Taphonomyhigh Mg calcite (based on Echinoidea)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. E. Gray. 1825. An attempt to divide the Echinida, or Sea Eggs, into natural families. Annals of Philosophy, new series 10:423-431

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Echinarachnius alaskense ✝
species		listed (PBDB)123.0 Ma
Miocene		23.0 Ma
Miocene
Echinarachnius andersoni ✝
species		listed (PBDB)123.0 Ma
Miocene		23.0 Ma
Miocene
Echinarachnius astrodapsoides ✝
species		accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)		123.0 Ma
Miocene		23.0 Ma
Miocene
Echinarachnius merriami ✝
species		listed (PBDB)223.0 Ma
Miocene		16.0 Ma
Miocene
Echinarachnius newcombei ✝
species		listed (PBDB)128.1 Ma
Oligocene		28.1 Ma
Oligocene
Echinarachnius norrisi ✝
species		listed (PBDB)623.0 Ma
Miocene		23.0 Ma
Miocene
Echinarachnius parma
species		accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)		10.13 Ma
Pleistocene		0 Ma
Extant
Echinarachnius plafkeri ✝
species		accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)		111.6 Ma
Miocene		11.6 Ma
Miocene
Echinarachnius ungaensis ✝
species		accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)		323.0 Ma
Miocene		5.33 Ma
Miocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1825Echinarachnius Gray p. 428
1909Scutella (Echinarachnius) Clark p. 140
1909Echinarachinus Pack p. 281
1915Echinarachnius Clark and Twitchell p. 195
1938Echinarachnius Grant and Hertlein p. 56
1942Echinarachnius Cooke p. 16
1966Echinarachnius Durham p. U481
1974Echinarachinus Wagner p. 109
2002Echinarachnius Sepkoski, Jr.

References

Gray J. E. An attempt to divide the Echinida, or Sea Eggs, into natural families, Annals of Philosophy, new series 10, 423-431
Pack R. W. (1909) Notes On Echinoids From The Tertiary of California, University of California Publications Bulletin of the Department of Geology 5 18, 275-283
Clark W. B., Twitchell M. W. (1915) The Mesozoic and Cenozoic Echinodermata of the United States, United States Geological Survey Bulletin 54, 1-341
Grant U. S., Hertlein L. G. (1938) The West American Cenozoic Echinoidea, Publications of the University of California at Los Angeles in Mathematical and Physical Sciences 2, 1-225
Cooke C. W. (1942) Cenozoic irregular echinoids of the Eastern United States, Journal of Paleontology 16, 1-62
Durham J. W. (1966) Clypeasteroids, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,Part U Echinodermata 3. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press 2, U450-U491
Wagner C. D. (1974) Fossil and recent sand dollar echinoids of Alaska, Journal of Paleontology 48 1, 105-123
Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
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