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Ophiuroidea

Photos

Photo Gallery

Stenaster sp.

Ontario, Canada

Stenaster sp.

Girvan, South Ayrshire, Scotland, UK

Geocoma carinata

Limestone quarries, Solnhofen, Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen District, Middle Franconia, Bavaria, Germany

Stenaster sp.

Ontario, Canada

Stenaster sp.

Girvan, South Ayrshire, Scotland, UK

Geocoma carinata

Limestone quarries, Solnhofen, Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen District, Middle Franconia, Bavaria, Germany

Stenaster sp.

Ontario, Canada

Stenaster sp.

Girvan, South Ayrshire, Scotland, UK

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	31508	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=31508

Rank

class (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Ophiuroidea

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
subphylum	Asterozoa	von Zittel 1895
class	Ophiuroidea	Gray 1840

Common Name

brittle star

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Ophiuroidea	class	belongs to Asterozoa	stated with evidence	von Zittel, 1895
Ophiuroidea	class	belongs to Echinodermata	stated with evidence	Clark, 1904
Ophiuroidea	subclass	belongs to Stelleroidea	stated with evidence	Schuchert, 1915
Ophiuroidea	subclass	belongs to Stelleroidea	stated without evidence	Clark and Twitchell, 1915
Ophiuroidea	subclass	belongs to Asterozoa	stated without evidence	Owen, 1965
Ophiuroidea	subclass	belongs to Stelleroidea	stated with evidence	Spencer and Wright, 1966
Ophiuroidea	subclass	belongs to Stelleroidea	stated without evidence	Squires, 1987
Ophiuroidea	class	belongs to Echinodermata	implied	Barnes, 1998
Ophiuroidea	class	belongs to Asterozoa	implied	Boczarowski, 2001
Ophiuroidea	class	belongs to Echinodermata	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Ophiuroidea	class	belongs to Asterozoa	stated with evidence	Dean Shackleton, 2005

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

553

Extant Size (PBDB)

96 (17%)

First Recorded Appearance

485 - 477 Ma
Paleozoic

Environment

marine (based on Ophiuroidea)

Motility

slow-moving (based on Ophiuroidea)

Vision

blind (based on Ophiuroidea)

Diet

detritivore, suspension feeder (based on Ophiuroidea)

Reproduction

dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata)

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Ecospace Comments

322; LIFE HABIT: active slow moving, surficial, generally detritivores, sometimes suspension feeding and carnivorous.

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Ophiuroidea)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. E. Gray. 1840. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma Asterias (Linn.). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6:275-290

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Myophiuroida subclass	listed (PBDB)		2	197 Ma Early Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Oegophiuridea subclass	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Oegophiuroida subclass	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Ophiuridea subclass	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Euryalida order	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Basket Star	9	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Oegophiurida order	listed (PBDB)		98	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	0 Ma Extant
Ophiurida order	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		688	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	0 Ma Extant
Phrynophiurida order	listed (PBDB)		44	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	0 Ma Extant
Zygophiurae ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Calclyridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cheiropterasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	345 Ma Carboniferous
Encrinasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		34	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	306 Ma Carboniferous
Euzonosomatidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Hallasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Stenasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ataxaster ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Calclyra ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		7	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	260 Ma Permian
Calyptactis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	345 Ma Carboniferous	345 Ma Carboniferous
Lumectaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	345 Ma Carboniferous	345 Ma Carboniferous
Maydena ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	485 Ma Cambrian	485 Ma Cambrian
Ophiaulaxoides ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ophioma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Ophiotrigonum ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	161 Ma Jurassic	161 Ma Jurassic
Ophiurella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	151 Ma Late Jurassic
Stenaster ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		3	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	439 Ma Silurian

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1840	Ophiuroidea Gray
1895	Ophiuroidea von Zittel
1904	Ophiuroidea Clark p. 433
1915	Ophiuroidea Clark and Twitchell p. 23
1915	Ophiuroidea Schuchert pp. 267-268
1965	Ophiuroidea Owen p. 544
1966	Ophiuroidea Spencer and Wright p. U78
1987	Ophiuroidea Squires p. 72
1998	Ophiuroidea Barnes p. 310
2001	Ophiuroidea Boczarowski p. 8
2002	Ophiuroidea Sepkoski, Jr.
2005	Ophiuroidea Dean Shackleton p. 77
2013	Ophiuroidea Blake p. 355

Year	Name and Author
1840	Ophiuroidea Gray
1895	Ophiuroidea von Zittel
1904	Ophiuroidea Clark p. 433
1915	Ophiuroidea Clark and Twitchell p. 23
1915	Ophiuroidea Schuchert pp. 267-268
1965	Ophiuroidea Owen p. 544
1966	Ophiuroidea Spencer and Wright p. U78
1987	Ophiuroidea Squires p. 72
1998	Ophiuroidea Barnes p. 310
2001	Ophiuroidea Boczarowski p. 8
2002	Ophiuroidea Sepkoski, Jr.
2005	Ophiuroidea Dean Shackleton p. 77
2013	Ophiuroidea Blake p. 355

References

Gray J. E. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma Asterias (Linn.), Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6, 275-290

von Zittel K. A. , Grundzuge der Palaeontologie, 1-971

Clark W. B., Twitchell M. W. (1915) The Mesozoic and Cenozoic Echinodermata of the United States, United States Geological Survey Bulletin 54, 1-341

Schuchert C. (1915) Revision of Paleozoic Stelleroidea with special reference to North American Asteroidea, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 88, 1-311

Spencer W. K., Wright C.W. (1966) Asterozoans, Moore R.C. ed, Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Echinodermata, University of Kansas Press and the Geological Society of America 3 1, U4-U107

Squires R. L. (1987) Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 388, 1-93

Boczarowski A. (2001) Isolated sclerites of Devonian nonpelmatozoan echinoderms, Palaeontologia Polonica 59, 3-220

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Dean Shackleton J. (2005) Skeletal homologies, phylogeny and classification of the earliest asterozoan echinoderms, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 3 1, 29-114

Blake D. B. (2013) Early asterozoan (Echinodermata) diversification: a paleontologic quandary, Journal of Paleontology 87 3, 353-372

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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