Ivrea Morainic Amphitheatre, Piedmont, Italyi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Ivrea Morainic Amphitheatre | Group of Glacial Erratics |
| Piedmont | Region |
| Italy | - not defined - |
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Locality type:
Group of Glacial Erratics
Largest Settlements:
| Place | Population |
|---|---|
| Ivrea | 23,278 (2014) |
| Caluso | 5,203 (2014) |
| Strambino | 4,673 (2014) |
| Mongrando | 4,022 (2012) |
| San Giusto Canavese | 3,379 (2014) |
| Pavone Canavese | 3,361 (2014) |
Other Languages:
Italian:
Anfiteatro morenico di Ivrea, Piemonte, Italia
The Ivrea Morainic Amphitheatre (IMA) is the third of the Italian amphitheatres for size (505 km2). It extends in Piedmont on the territory of the Metropolitan City of Turin and of the Biella and Vercelli provinces, at the outlet of the Dora Baltea Valley, between the internal edge of the Western Alps and the Po Plain.
Morphologically, the IMA forms a wide complex of lateral and terminal moraines and kame terraces (300 km2) around a large internal depression (200 km2). Its most typical elements are: an exceptionally regular and very long (16 km) lateral moraine, named the Serra d’Ivrea, regarded as the biggest of the Alps; a very large fluvial plain occupying the internal depression; and a wide sector of rocky reliefs (21 km2) connected to subglacial shaping, named the Colli d’Ivrea, cropping out above the internal plain.
The most distal moraine has been attributed to the Lower Pleistocene, while the most proximal end moraine was referred to the Last Glacial Maximum. Some interglacial/interstadial markers (paleosols and lacustrine-palustrine layers interposed within the glacial deposits) allowed at last to recognize 10 stratigraphical units referred to as many glaciations.
The IMA and the Rivoli-Avigliana Amphitheatre have been the first morainic amphitheatres studied in Italy (Martins & Gastaldi 1850), after the identification of the glacial genesis of the Serra d’Ivrea by Studer (1844).
An impressive example of ancient landscape modifications is represented by various alluvial gold placers distributed along the outer edge of the IMA. Gold placers were exploited in pre-Roman period and mainly under the Roman Republic rule, as Strabo (Geography, V, 1.12) and Pliny the Elder (Natural History, XXXIII, 78) reported. The Bessa "aurifodinae" (gold mines), dated to 2nd–1st century B.C., are the widest mine dumps (10 km2) of the IMA, forming a man-made accumulation of rounded cobbles and boulders and several anthropic bedded sandy-gravel fans. This area is protected by a regional park since 1985.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsMineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities3 valid minerals.
Detailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ 'Garnet Group' Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3 Localities: Reference: Pipino G. (1982): L'oro della Val Padana. Boll. Ass. Min. Subalpina, 19, 1-2, 101-117; Pipino G. (1984): Sulla possibilità di recuperare oro ed altri minerali dalle sabbie prodotte in Val Padana. Quarry and Construction, febbraio 1984, 30-34; Pipino G. (2003): Oro, Miniere, Storia. Miscellanea di giacimentologia e storia mineraria italiana. Ed. Museo Storico dell'Oro Italiano, Ovada, 510 pp. |
| ⓘ Gold Formula: Au Localities: Dora Baltea River gold alluvials, Vercelli Province, Piedmont, Italy Dora Baltea River gold alluvials, Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, Italy Chiusella stream gold alluvials, Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, Italy Rio Merdanzone, San Giorgio Canavese, Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, Italy Reference: Balbo P. (1784-85): Catalogue des rivières aurifères des états du Roi en terre ferme. Mem. R. Acc. Sci. Torino [Mém. Acad. R. Sci. Turin], 2 (1786, pt. 2), 414-418; Piana Agostinetti P., Bergonzi G., Cattin M., Del Soldato M., Gamberi F.M., Tizzoni M. (1995): Gold in the Alps: a view from the south. In: Morteani G., Northover J.P., (eds.), Prehistoric gold in Europe. Mines, metallurgy and manufacture. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht/Boston/London, pages 199-218; Pipino G. (1982): L'oro della Val Padana. Boll. Ass. Min. Subalpina, 19, 1-2, 101-117; Pipino G. (1984): Sulla possibilità di recuperare oro ed altri minerali dalle sabbie prodotte in Val Padana. Quarry and Construction, febbraio 1984, 30-34; Pipino G. (2003): Oro, Miniere, Storia. Miscellanea di giacimentologia e storia mineraria italiana. Ed. Museo Storico dell'Oro Italiano, Ovada, 510 pp.; Piccoli G.C., Maletto G., Bosio P., Lombardo B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" di Alba, Ed., Alba, 607 pp. |
| ⓘ Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 Localities: Reference: Pipino G. (1982): L'oro della Val Padana. Boll. Ass. Min. Subalpina, 19, 1-2, 101-117; Pipino G. (1984): Sulla possibilità di recuperare oro ed altri minerali dalle sabbie prodotte in Val Padana. Quarry and Construction, febbraio 1984, 30-34; Pipino G. (2003): Oro, Miniere, Storia. Miscellanea di giacimentologia e storia mineraria italiana. Ed. Museo Storico dell'Oro Italiano, Ovada, 510 pp. |
| ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Localities: Reference: Pipino G. (1982): L'oro della Val Padana. Boll. Ass. Min. Subalpina, 19, 1-2, 101-117; Pipino G. (1984): Sulla possibilità di recuperare oro ed altri minerali dalle sabbie prodotte in Val Padana. Quarry and Construction, febbraio 1984, 30-34; Pipino G. (2003): Oro, Miniere, Storia. Miscellanea di giacimentologia e storia mineraria italiana. Ed. Museo Storico dell'Oro Italiano, Ovada, 510 pp. |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| O | Oxygen | |
|---|---|---|
| O | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Au | Gold | |
| Au | ⓘ Gold | Au |
Fossils
This region is too big to display the fossil list, try looking at smaller subregions.References
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Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Strabo [Στράβων] (ca. 7 BC - AD 23) Geography [Γεωγραφικά], V, 1.12.
Pliny the Elder [Gaius Plinius Secundus] (ca. AD 77-79) Natural History [Naturalis Historia], XXXIII, 78.
Studer, B. (1844) Lehrbuch der physikalischen Geographie und Geologie. J. F. J. Dalp, Bern - Chur - Leipzig, volume 1, 414 pp.
Martins, C., and Gastaldi, B. (1850) Essai sur les terrains superficiels de la vallée du Pô, aux environs de Turin, comparés a ceux de la plaine suisse. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 7, 554–605.
Carraro, F., Medioli, F., Petrucci, F. (1975) Geomorphological study of the Morainic Amphitheatre of Ivrea, Northwest Italy. Bulletin (Royal Society of New Zealand) , 13, 89–93.
Carraro, F., Lanza, R., Perotto, A., and Zanella, E. (1991) L’evoluzione morfologica del Biellese occidentale durante il Pleistocene inferiore e medio, in relazione all’inizio della costruzione dell’Anfiteatro Morenico d’Ivrea. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, 9, 1, 99–11.
Baio, M., and Gianotti, F. (1996) Studio geologico e giacimentologico dell’area della "Bessa" (Biella, Italia). Geologia Insubrica, 1, 1–2, 29–48.
Gianotti F (1996) Bessa, paesaggio ed evoluzione geologica delle grandi aurifodine biellesi. Eventi e Progetti Editore, Biella, 84 pp.
Arobba, D., Calderoni, G., Caramiello, R., Carraro, F., Giardino, M., and Quagliolo, P. (1997) Palynological and radiometric evidence of a last glacial-interstadial from peat sediments in the Ivrea morainic amphitheatre (NW-Italy). Geologia Insubrica, 2, 2, 143–148.
Gianotti, F., Forno, M.G., Ivy-Ochs, S., and Kubik, P.W. (2008) New chronological and stratigraphical data on the Ivrea Amphitheatre (Piedmont, NW Italy). Quaternary International, 190, 123–135.
Gianotti, F. (2011) Geological setting of the Pleistocene placers and Roman gold mines of the Ivrea Morainic Amphitheatre (Piedmont, NW Italy). Abstracts, Convegno AIQUA "Il Quaternario italiano. Conoscenze e prospettive", Roma, 24–25 febbraio 2011. Il Quaternario Italian Journal of Quaternary Sciences, 24, 2, 183–185.
Gianotti, Franco, Forno, Maria Gabriella, Ajassa, Roberto, Cámara, Fernando, Costa, Emanuele, Ferrando, Simona, Giardino, Marco, Lucchesi, Stefania, Motta, Luigi, Motta, Michele, Perotti, Luigi, and Rossetti, Piergiorgio (2015) The Ivrea Morainic Amphitheatre as a Well Preserved Record of the Quaternary Climate Variability (PROGEO-Piemonte Project, NW Italy). In: Lollino, Giorgio, Giordan, Daniele, Marunteanu, Cristian, Christaras, Basiles, Yoshinori, Iwasaki, and Margottini, Claudio (eds.), Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 8. Springer, Cham, pages 235-238, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09408-3_39
Localities in this Region
- Piedmont
- Biella Province
- Zubiena
- Metropolitan City of Turin
- ⭔Chiusella stream gold alluvials
- ⭔Dora Baltea River gold alluvials
- San Giorgio Canavese
- Vercelli Province
- Biella Province
Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect
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