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Cardiocephalus ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	37294	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37294

Rank

genus (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Microsauria : Gymnarthridae : Cardiocephalus

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Amphibia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Lepospondyli
-	Microsauria
suborder	Tuditanomorpha	Carroll and Gaskill 1978
family	Gymnarthridae	Case 1910
genus	Cardiocephalus	Broili 1904

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Cardiocephalus	genus	belongs to Temnospondyli	stated with evidence	Broili, 1904
Cardiocephalus	genus	belongs to Gymnarthridae	stated without evidence	Gregory et al., 1956
Cardiocephalus	genus	belongs to Gymnarthridae	stated with evidence	Daly, 1973
Cardiocephalus	genus	belongs to Gymnarthridae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Cardiocephalus	genus	belongs to Gymnarthridae	stated without evidence	Carroll et al., 1998
Cardiocephalus	genus	belongs to Lepospondyli	stated without evidence	Maddin et al., 2012

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

290 - 279 Ma
Permian

Last Recorded Appearance

279 - 268 Ma
Permian

Environment

brackish,freshwater,terrestrial (based on Tetrapoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Reproduction

dispersal=water (based on Amphibia)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

F. Broili. 1904. Permische Stegocephalen und Reptilien aus Texas. Palaeontographica 51:1-120

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cardiocephalus peabodyi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	290 Ma Permian	290 Ma Permian
Cardiocephalus sternbergi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		6	290 Ma Permian	279 Ma Permian

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1904	Cardiocephalus Broili p. 45 figs. Pl. VI
1910	Gymnarthrus Case p. 177
1930	Cardiocephalus Hay p. 32
1930	Gymnarthrus Hay p. 32
1956	Cardiocephalus Gregory et al. pp. 9-26 figs. 3-10
1973	Cardiocephalus Daly p. 571
1978	Cardiocephalus Carroll and Gaskill p. 55
1988	Cardiocephalus Carroll
1998	Cardiocephalus Carroll et al. p. 5
2012	Cardiocephalus Maddin et al.

References

Broili F. (1904) Permische Stegocephalen und Reptilien aus Texas, Palaeontographica 51, 1-120

Case E. C. (1910) New or little known reptiles and amphibians from the Permian (?) of Texas, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 28, 163-181

Hay O. P. (1930) Second Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America, Carnegie Institution of Washington 390 II, 1-1074

Gregory J. T., Peabody F. E., et al (1956) Revision of the Gymnarthridae - American Permian Microsaurs, Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 10, 1-77

Daly E. (1973) A Lower Permian vertebrate fauna from southern Oklahoma, Journal of Paleontology 47 3, 562-589

Carroll R. L., Gaskill P. (1978) The Order Microsauria, Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 126, 1-211

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Carroll R. L., Bossy K. A., et al (1998) Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie / Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology Teil 1 / Part 1 Lepospondyli: Microsauria, Nectridea, Lysorophia, Adelospondyli, Aistopoda, Acherontiscidae, 1-216

Maddin H. C., Jenkins Jr F. A., et al (2012) The Braincase of Eocaecilia micropodia (Lissamphibia, Gymnophiona) and the Origin of Caecilians, PLoS One 7 12, e50743 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050743

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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