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Benthopectinidae

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Description

The Notomyotida are an order of sea stars containing at least 75 species in eight genera of the monotypic family, Benthopectinidae.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthopectinidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	9472	https://www.gbif.org/species/9472
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	53912	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53912

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Asteroidea : Notomyotida : Benthopectinidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
subphylum	Asterozoa	von Zittel 1895
class	Asteroidea	de Blainville 1830
subclass	Ambuloasteroidea	Blake and Hagdorn 2003
infraclass	Neoasteroidea
superorder	Valvatacea	McKnight 1975
order	Notomyotida	Ludwig 1910
family	Benthopectinidae	Verrill 1899

Scientific Name

Benthopectinidae

Name Published In

Verrill, A. E. (1899). Revision of certain genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of new forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. 10(1): 145-234.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Benthopectinidae	family	belongs to Notomyotida	stated with evidence	Ludwig, 1910
Benthopectinidae	family	belongs to Notomyotina	stated with evidence	Spencer and Wright, 1966
Benthopectinidae	family	belongs to Notomyotida	stated with evidence	Gale, 1987
Benthopectinidae	family	belongs to Notomyotida	stated without evidence	Blake and Jagt, 2005
Benthopectinidae	family	belongs to Paxillosida	stated without evidence	Gale, 2011

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

4 (36%)

First Recorded Appearance

165 - 161 Ma
Jurassic

Environment

outer shelf,oceanic,marine (based on Notomyotida)

Motility

slow-moving (based on Notomyotida)

Vision

limited (based on Asteroidea)

Diet

carnivore, deposit feeder (based on Notomyotida)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Notomyotida)

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Notomyotida)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

A. E. Verrill. 1899. Revision of certain genera and species of starfishes with description of new forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 10:145-234

Common Name(s)

Nålsjöstjärnor, イバラヒトデ

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthopectinidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Benthopectininae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Paleobenthopectininae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		7	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Acontiaster genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Benthopecten genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Cheiraster genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Gaussaster genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Jurapecten ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	161 Ma Jurassic	161 Ma Jurassic
Mistia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Myonotus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Nearchaster genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pectinaster genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pontaster genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Cheirasteridae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Echinodermata : Asteroidea : Notomyotida : Cheirasteridae

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1899	Benthopectinidae Verrill pp. 200, 217
1910	Benthopectinidae Ludwig pp. 435-440
1966	Benthopectinidae Spencer and Wright p. U48
1987	Benthopectinidae Gale p. 125
1989	Benthopectinidae Blake p. 213
2005	Benthopectinidae Blake and Jagt p. 190
2008	Benthopectinidae Villier p. 150
2011	Benthopectinidae Gale p. 76
2012	Benthopectinidae Mah and Blake p. 3

References

Verrill A. E. Revision of certain genera and species of starfishes with description of new forms, Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 10, 145-234

Ludwig H. (1910) Nomyota, eine neue Ordnung der Seesterne, Sitzungsberichte der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 23, 435-466

Spencer W. K., Wright C.W. (1966) Asterozoans, Moore R.C. ed, Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Echinodermata, University of Kansas Press and the Geological Society of America 3 1, U4-U107

Gale A. S. (1987) Phylogeny and classification of the Asteroidea, Zoological journal of the Linnean Society 89, 107-132

Blake D. B. (1989) Asteroidea: functional morphology, classification and phylogeny, In M. Jangoux & J.M. Lawrence (Eds.) Echinoderm studies, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam 3, 179-223

Blake D. B., Jagt J.W.M. (2005) New latest Cretaceous and earliest Paleogene asteroids (Echinodermata) from the Netherlands and Denmark and their palaebiological significance., Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 75, 183-200

Villier L. (2008) Sea star ossicles from the Callovian black clays of the Luków area, eastern Poland, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 247, 147-160

Gale A. S. (2011) Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) of Savigna, Départment du Jura, France, Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 130, 69-89

Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (2013) Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.eu/ - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,. 50: pp. 336-351. - via World Register of Marine Species

Verrill, A. E. (1899). Revision of certain genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of new forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. 10(1): 145-234. - via World Register of Marine Species

Hansson, H. (2004). North East Atlantic Taxa (NEAT): Nematoda. Internet pdf Ed. Aug 1998. - via World Register of Marine Species

Clark, A.M. (1981). Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 1. Family Benthopectinidae. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 41: 91-135. - via World Register of Marine Species

Clark, A.M.; Downey, M.E. (1992). Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall. London, UK. ISBN 0-412-43280-3. xxvi, 794 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Clark, Ailsa M. / Jangoux, Michel, and John M. Lawrence, eds., 1989: An index of names of recent Asteroidea, Part 1: Paxillosida and Notomyotida. Echinoderm Studies, vol. 3. 225-347. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Clark, Ailsa M., and Maureen E. Downey, 1992: null. Starfishes of the Atlantic. xxvi + 794. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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