Margarodidae
Description | The Margarodidae (illegitimately as Margodidae) or ground pearls (cottony cushion scales, giant coccids, giant scale insects) are a family of scale insects within the superfamily Coccoidea. Members of the family include the Polish cochineal and Armenian cochineal (genus Porphyrophora) and the original ground pearl genus, Margarodes. Beginning in 1880, a number of distinct subfamilies were recognized, with the giant coccis (the Monophlebidae) being the first. Although Maskell proposed a new family, many continued to regard the monophlebids as a mere subfamily for many years, and the Margarodidae classification continued to be polyphyletic through the 20th Century. Since then, taking the advice of Koteja several subfamilies and tribes have been elevated into their own families such as Matsucoccidae and Xylococcidae. The pared-down family of Margarodidae (Margarodidae sensu stricto or Margarodidae s. s.) is monophyletic. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarodidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Source Data |
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Rank | family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Margarodidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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Scientific Name | Margarodidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Opinions (PBDB) |
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Status (PBDB) | extant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxon Size (PBDB) | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Extant Size (PBDB) | 2 (50%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First Recorded Appearance | 113 - 101 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Environment | terrestrial (based on Insecta) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Motility | actively mobile (based on Arthropoda) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taphonomy | chitin (based on Insecta) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. W. Beardsley. 1969. A new fossil scale insect (Homoptera: Coccoidea) from Canadian amber. Psyche 76:270-279 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Name(s) | Pärlsköldlöss, Cottony Cushion Scales, Giant Coccids, Ground Pearls | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarodidae |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
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Acreagris ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
Afrodrosicha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Araucaricoccus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Arnoldus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
Aspidoproctus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Auloicerya genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Buchnericoccus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Callipappus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Coelostomidia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Conifericoccus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Crypticerya genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Cryptokermes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Desmococcus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Dimargarodes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Drosicha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Drosichiella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Drosichoides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Echinicerya genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Ecuadortonia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Eomatsucoccus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 136 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
Etropera genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Eumargarodes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Eurhizococcus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Gigantococcus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Grohnus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
Gueriniella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Gullania genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Hemaspidoproctus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Heteromargarodes genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
Icerya genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Insulococcus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Jansenus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Kuwania genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Labioproctus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Laurencella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Lecaniodrosicha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Lithuanicoccus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
Llaveia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Llaveiella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Marchalina genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Margarodes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Margarodesia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Matesovia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Matsucoccus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Melaleucococcus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Mimosicerya genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Misracoccus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Modicicoccus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Monophlebidus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Monophleboides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Monophlebulus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Monophlebus genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
Nautococcus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Neocoelostoma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Neogreenia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Neohodgsonius genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Neomargarodes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Neosteingelia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Nietnera genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Nodulicoccus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Palaeococcus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Paracoelostoma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Peengea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Perissopneumon genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Pityococcus genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
Platycoelostoma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Porphyrophora genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Protortonia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Pseudaspidoproctus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Serafinus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
Sishania genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Steatococcus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Steingelia genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
Stigmacoccus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Stomacoccus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Termitococcus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Tessarobelus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Ultracoelostoma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Vrydagha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Walkeriana genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Weitschatus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 13 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
Xylococculus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Xylococcus genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
Auliocerya australis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Crypticera clauseni species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Porypyrophora rhodesiensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Steatcoccus brevisetosus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Steatcoccus euphorbiae species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Steatcoccus mexicanus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB |
Synonymy List
Year | Name and Author |
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1969 | Margarodidae Beardsley p. 271 |
2015 | Margarodidae Vea and Grimaldi p. 25 |
2018 | Margarodidae Szwedo p. 114 |