| Description | The Tridactylidae are a family in the insect order Orthoptera. They are small, mole-cricket-like insects, almost always less than 20 mm (0.79 in) long when mature. Generally they are shiny, dark or black, sometimes variegated or sandy-coloured. They commonly live in short tunnels and are commonly known as pygmy mole crickets, though they are not closely related to the true "mole crickets" (Ensifera), as they are included in the Caelifera suborder (related to grasshoppers).
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| Source Data | |
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| Rank | family |
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| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Orthoptera : Tridactylidae |
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| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
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Classification
(PBDB,GBIF) | |
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| Common Name | pygmy mole cricket |
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| Scientific Name | Tridactylidae |
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| Name Published In | Brullé. 1835. In Audouin & Brullé. Cinquième Ordre. Orthoptères. Histoire naturelle des insectes, Société bibliophile, Paris 9 [1] (5):1-225 [225–416 in 1836] |
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| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
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| Tridactylidae | family | belongs to Acridodea | stated with evidence | Zeuner, 1941 | | Tridactylidae | family | belongs to Tridactylidea | stated with evidence | Sharov, 1968 | | Tridactylidae | family | belongs to Locustopsoidea | stated with evidence | Martins-Neto, 2003 | | Tridactylidae | family | belongs to Tridactyloidea | stated with evidence | Gorochov et al., 2006 | | Tridactylidae | family | belongs to Orthoptera | stated with evidence | Azar and Nel, 2008 | | Tridactylidae | family | belongs to Tridactyloidea | stated with evidence | Song et al., 2015 |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant |
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| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 28 |
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| Extant Size (PBDB) | 6 (21%) |
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| First Recorded Appearance | 145 - 140 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous |
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| Environment | terrestrial (based on Caelifera) |
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| Motility | fast-moving (based on Caelifera) |
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| Vision | well-developed (based on Caelifera) |
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| Diet | grazer, herbivore (based on Caelifera) |
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| Reproduction | oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Caelifera) |
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| Taphonomy | chitin (based on Caelifera) |
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| Primary Reference (PBDB) | G. A. Brullé. 1835. Tome IX, Orthoptères et Hémiptères. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Traitant de Leur Organiation et de Leurs Moeurs en Général, par M. V. Audouin, et Comprenant Leur Classification et la Description des Espèces, par M. A. Brullé |
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| Common Name(s) | Pygmy Mole Cricket, Dwergmolkrekels, Pygmy Mole Grasshoppers, Grabschrecken, Pygmy Mole Crickets |
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| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tridactylidae |
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| Brullé G. A. Tome IX, Orthoptères et Hémiptères, Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Traitant de Leur Organiation et de Leurs Moeurs en Général, par M. V. Audouin, et Comprenant Leur Classification et la Description des Espèces, par M. A. Brullé, 1-225 |
| Zeuner F. E. (1941) The fossil Acrididae (Orth. Salt. ) Part I, Catantopinae, The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Eleventh Series 8, 510-522 |
| Sharov A. G. (1968) Filogeniya ortopteroidnykh nasekomykh, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 118, 1-216 |
| Martins-Neto R. G. (2003) Systematics of the Caelifera (Insecta, Orthopteroidea) from the Santana Formation, Araripe Basin (Lower Cretaceous, northeast Brazil), with a description of new genera and species, Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 46 Suppl, 205-228 |
| Gorochov A. V., Jarzembowski E. A., et al (2006) Grasshoppers and crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England, Cretaceous Research 27, 641-662 |
| Azar D., Nel A. (2008) First Tridactylidae from the Eocene French amber (Insecta: Orthoptera), Alavesia 2, 169-175 |
| Song H. J., Amédégnato C., et al (2015) 300 million years of diversification: elucidating the patterns of orthopteran evolution based on comprehensive taxon and gene sampling, Cladistics |
| Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Burrows & M.D. Picker. 2010. Jumping mechanisms and performance of pygmy mole crickets (Orthoptera, Tridactylidae). Journal of Experimental Biology (J. Exp. Biol.) 213(14):2386-2398 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Cadena-Castañeda & Cardona. 2015. Introducción a los Saltamontes de Colombia (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acrididea: Acridomorpha, Tetrigoidea & Tridactyloidea) 486 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Chopard. 1951. Orthoptéroïdes. Faune de France, Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles, Paris 56:202 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Chopard. 1954. In Titschack. Orthoptères: Gryllidae et Tridactylidae. Beiträge zur Fauna Perus 4:24-27 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Günther, K.K. 1994. Die Tridactyloidea-Fauna Kolumbiens (Orthoptera, Caelifera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (Dtsch. Entomol. Z.) 41(1):3-4 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Heads. 2009. A new pygmy mole cricket in Cretaceous amber from Burma (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae). Denisia 26:76 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Podgornaya. 1974. Anatomical peculiarities of four groups of Orthoptera Brachycera (Caelifera) and their taxonomic interrelation (in Russian). Trudy Russkago Entomologicheskago Obshchestva [= Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae] (Trudy Russk. Entomol. Obshch.) 57:66-85 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Sandrasagara. 1954. Check-list of the Tridactylidae and Gryllidae (Insecta, Orthoptera). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society (Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.) 52:540-562 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Ander. 1939. Vergleichend-anatomische und phylogenetische Studien über die Ensifera (Saltatoria). Opuscula Entomologica 2(Suppl.):6 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Chopard. 1936. The Tridactylidae and Gryllidae of Ceylon. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) (Ceylon Sci. J. (Biol. Sci.)) 20:12 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Günther, K.K. 1976. Beiträge zur Systematik und geographischen Verbreitung der Rhipipterygiden (Rhipipterygidae, Tridactyloidea, Saltatoria). Nr. 1. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin (Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin) 52(2):315 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Günther, K.K. 1994. Afrotridactylus gen. n., eine neue afrikanische Gattung der Familie Tridactylidae, einschliesslich der Beschreibung neuer Arten (Orthoptera, Tridactyloidea). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (Dtsch. Entomol. Z.) 41(2):261-262 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Kevan, D.K.M. 1982. In Parker [Ed.]. Orthoptera. Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms, McGraw-Hill Book Company 2:379 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Murai. 2005. The family Tridactylidae (Orthoptera) of Japan. Tettigonia: Memoirs of the Orthopterological Society of Japan (Tettigonia) 31(7):13 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Otte, D. 1997. Tetrigoidea and Tridactyloidea (Orthoptera: Caelifera) and Addenda to OSF Vols. 1-5. Orthoptera Species File, The Orthopterists' Society and The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 6:143 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Saussure & Zehntner. 1894. Notice morphologique sur les gryllotalpiens. Revue Suisse de Zoologie (Revue Suisse de Zool.) 2:410, 417 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Bellmann & Luquet. 1995. Guide des sauterelles, grillons et criquets d'Europe occidentale, Delachaux et Niestle, Lausanne 188-199 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Cantrall. 1984. In Merritt, R.W. & Cummins [Ed.]. Semiaquatic Orthoptera. An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America, 2nd edition, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company 179 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Gorochov, Jarzembowski & Coram. 2006. Grasshoppers and crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. Cretaceous Research (Cretaceous Res.) 27:656 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Günther, K.K. 1979. Einige Bemerkungen über die Gattungen der Familie Tridactylidae Brunner und zur Klassifikation der Tridactylodea (Orthopteroida, Caelifera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (Dtsch. Entomol. Z.) 26(4-5):255–264 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Günther, K.K. 1980. Katalog der Caelifera-Unterordnung Tridactyloidea (Insecta). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (Dtsch. Entomol. Z.) 27(1-3):160 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Günther, K.K. 1991. Die Tridactylidengattung Bruntridactylus Gunther 1979, einschliesslich der Neotypus-Bestimmung fur Tridactylus paradoxus Latreille 1802 (Orthoptera, Tridactylidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (Dtsch. Entomol. Z.) 38(1-3):42 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Maes. 1989. Catálogo de los Tetrigidae, Rhipipterygidae y Tridactylidae (Orthoptera) de Nicaragua. Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia (Rev. Nicar. Entomol.) 6:49-53 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Merritt, R.W. & Cummins [Ed.]. 1996. An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America, 3rd edition, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company 214 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Rentz, D.C.F. 1996. Grasshopper Country. The Abundant Orthopteroid Insects of Australia, CSIRO, UNSW Press, Sydney 201 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Sharov. 1968. Filogniya orthopteroidnykh nasekomykh [1971 English translation: Phylogeny of the Orthopteroidea]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiia Nauk SSSR [= Transactions of the Institute of Paleontology, USSR Academy of Sciences] (Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta) 118:102, 153 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Zeuner. 1939. Fossil Orthoptera, Ensifera, British Museum (Natural History), London 58, 62 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Baehr. 1988. On Australian Tridactylidae mainly from northern Australia (Orthopteroidea, Saltatoria, Caelifera). Spixiana (Munich) 11(1):14 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Brunner von Wattenwyl. 1882. Prodromus der europäischen Orthopteren, Engelmann, Leipzig 453 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Günther, K.K. 1978. Die Tridactyliden Australiens (Tridactylidae, Caelifera, Orthopteroidea, Insecta) (English summary). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin (Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin) 54(2):223 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Harz. 1975. Die Orthopteren Europas II. Series Entomologica (Ser. Entomol.) 11:51 - via Orthoptera Species File |
| Otte, Daniel, 1997: Tetrigoidea and Tridactyloidea (Orthoptera: Caelifera). Orthoptera Species File 6. 261. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
Tridactylidae
