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Synallactidae

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Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	5617	https://www.gbif.org/species/5617
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	62401	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=62401

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Holothuroidea : Synallactida : Synallactidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Holothuroidea : Aspidochirotida : Synallactidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
class	Holothuroidea
order	Aspidochirotida	Brandt 1835
family	Synallactidae	Ludwig 1894

Scientific Name

Synallactidae

Name Published In

Ludwig, H. (1894). The Holothurioidea. In: Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XII. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College. 17(3): 183 pp., 19 pls.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Synallactidae	family	belongs to Aspidochirotida	stated without evidence	Pawson, 1966
Synallactidae	family	belongs to Holothuroidea	implied	Rowe and Gates, 1995
Synallactidae	family	belongs to Aspidochirotida	stated without evidence	Boczarowski, 2001

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

1 (20%)

First Recorded Appearance

450 - 444 Ma
Paleozoic

Environment

marine (based on Aspidochirotida)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Aspidochirotida)

Vision

blind (based on Holothuroidea)

Diet

deposit feeder, suspension feeder (based on Aspidochirotida)

Reproduction

dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata)

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Aspidochirotida)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

H. L. Ludwig. 1894. The Holothurioidea. XII. Report on an Exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the US. Fish Commission Steamer ALBATROSS during 1891, Lt. ZL. Tanner USN. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 17(3):1-183

Common Name(s)

Slangsjögurkor, ミツマタナマコ

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Allopatides genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Amphigymnas genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bathyplotes genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bracchiothuria ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Capheira genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dendrothuria genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galatheathuria genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paelopatides genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pseudothuria genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Scotothuria genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Synallactes genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Tribrachiodemas ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1894	Synallactidae Ludwig
1966	Synallactidae Pawson p. U645
1993	Synallactidae Gilliland p. 136
1995	Synallactidae Rowe and Gates p. 328
2001	Synallactidae Boczarowski p. 151
2001	Synallactidae Kerr and Kim p. 78
2010	Synallactidae Reich

References

Pawson D. L. (1966) Phylogeny and evolution of holothuroids, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part U. Echinodermata 3. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press 2, U641-U646

Gilliland P. M. (1993) The skeletal morphology, systematics and evolutionary history of holothurians, Special Papers in Palaeontology 47, 1-147

Rowe F.E.W., Gates J. (1995) , Zoological Catalogue of Australia: Echinodermata 33

Boczarowski A. (2001) Isolated sclerites of Devonian nonpelmatozoan echinoderms, Palaeontologia Polonica 59, 3-220

Kerr A. M., Kim J. (2001) Phylogeny of Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) inferred from morphology, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 133, 63-81

Reich M. (2010) The oldest synallactid sea cucumber (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida), Palaeontologische Zeitschrift doi:DOI 10.1007/s12542-010-0067-8

Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

WoRMS (2013) Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.eu/ - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Hansson, G, Samuelsson, Cedhagen & Strand (2013) Nationalnyckeln till Sveriges flora och fauna. Tagghudingar–svalgsträngsdjur. Echinodermata– Hemichordata. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Miller, Allison K., A. M. Kerr, G. Paulay, M. Riech, N. G. Wilson, J. I. Carvajal, and G. W. Rouse, 2017: Molecular phylogeny of extant Holothuroidea (Echinodermata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 111. 110-131. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Thandar, Ahmed S., 2007: Additions to the aspidochirotid, molpadid and apodid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the east coast of southern Africa, with descriptions of new species.. Zootaxa, issue 1414. 1-62. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Ludwig, Hubert, 1894: Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z.L. Tanner, U.S.N., .... Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, vol. 17, no. 3. 183. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Deichmann, E. (1930). The Holothurians of the Western Part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 71: pp. 43-236. - via World Register of Marine Species

Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,. 50: pp. 336-351. - via World Register of Marine Species

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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