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Mustela putorius

Description

The European polecat (Mustela putorius) – also known as the common ferret, black or forest polecat, foumart (from Middle English 'Fulmard', meaning 'Foul', and 'Mearth' , meaning 'Marten'), or fitch (as well as some other names) – is a species of mustelid native to western Eurasia and north Morocco. It is of a generally dark brown colour, with a pale underbelly and a dark mask across the face. Occasionally, colour mutations, including albinos and erythrists, occur. Compared to minks and other weasels – fellow members of the genus Mustela – the polecat has a shorter, more compact body; a more powerfully built skull and dentition; is less agile; and it is well known for having the characteristic ability to secrete a particularly foul-smelling liquid to mark its territory.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)5218911https://www.gbif.org/species/5218911
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)104168https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104168
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mustela : Mustela putorius
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mustela : Mustela putorius
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-LaurasiatheriaWaddell et al. 1999
-ScrotiferaWaddell et al. 1999
-FeraeLinnaeus 1758
-CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
-CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivoraBowditch 1821
suborderCaniformiaKretzoi 1943
familyMustelidaeFischer 1817
subfamilyMustelinaeFischer 1817
genusMustelaLinnaeus 1758
speciesMustela putoriusLinnaeus 1758
Generic NameMustela
Common NameEuropean polecat
Scientific NameMustela putorius Linnaeus, 1758
Name Published InSyst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.46
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Mustela putoriusspeciesbelongs to Mustelastated without evidenceLinnaeus, 1758
Mustela putoriusspeciesbelongs to Putoriusstated without evidenceHay, 1902
Mustela putoriusspeciesbelongs to Mustelastated with evidenceThomas, 1911
Mustela putoriusspeciesbelongs to Mustela (Putorius)stated without evidenceKurten, 1968
Mustela putoriusspeciesbelongs to Mustelastated without evidenceMarmi et al., 2004
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance5.33 - 0.78 Ma
Cenozoic
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore, omnivore (based on Mustelidae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824
Common Name(s) European Polecat, Ilder, Waldiltis, Iltis, Waldiltis, Bunzing, Putois, Putois Deurope, Western Polecat, Polecat, Iller, Western Polecat, Turón, Metstuhkur, Tuhkur, Hilleri, Putois D'europe, Tvor, Közönséges Görény, Illir, Puzzola, Sténkert, Juodasis šeškas, Sesks, Nemes, Tchórz Zwyczajny, Toirão, Dihor, Tchor Tmavý, Navadni Dihur, Qelbesi, Kokarca
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustela_putorius

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Mustela putorius anglia
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Mustela putorius aureola
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Mustela putorius caledoniae
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Mustela putorius furo
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Mustela putorius mosquensis
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Mustela putorius putorius
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Mustela putorius rothschildi
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Mustela alba GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mustela : Mustela alba
Mustela rotschildi GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mustela : Mustela rotschildi
Putorius putorius GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mustela : Putorius putorius
Mustela foetens GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mustela : Mustela foetens
Mustela infectus GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mustela : Mustela infectus
Mustela anglia GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mustela : Mustela anglia
Mustela iltis GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mustela : Mustela iltis
Mustela furo-putorius GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mustela : Mustela furo-putorius
Mustela stantschinskii GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mustela : Mustela stantschinskii
Mustela caledoniae GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mustela : Mustela caledoniae
Mustela aureola GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mustela : Mustela aureola
Mustela orientalis BraunerGBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mustela : Mustela orientalis

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1758Mustela putorius Linnaeus p. 46
1902Putorius putorius Hay p. 768
1911Mustela putorius Thomas p. 139
1968Mustela (Putorius) putorius Kurten p. 99
2004Mustela putorius Marmi et al. p. 489 figs. Fig. 2

References

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Thomas O. (1911) The Mammals of the Tenth Edition of Linnaeus; an Attempt to fix the Types of the Genera and the exact Bases and Localities of the Species, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 81 1, 120-158 doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1911.tb06995.x
Kurten B. (1968) Pleistocene Mammals of Europe, 1-317
Marmi J., López-Giráldez J. F., et al (2004) Phylogeny, evolutionary history and taxonomy of the Mustelidae based on sequences of the cytochrome b gene and a complex repetitive flanking region, Zoologica Scripta 33 6, 481-499
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Direction 22 Addition to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology of (a) the specific names of fifty-seven species, each of which is the type species of a genus in the class Mammalia, the name of which was placed on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology in the period up to the end of 1936, and (B) of the specific names of two species belonging to the same class, each of which is currently regarded as the oldest available name for the type species of a genus, the name of which was placed on the Official List in the same period.Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1C(C13), 179-200 (1955) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2 - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) Common Names of Mammals of the World - via Catalogue of Life
Hall, R. (2004) Däggdjur - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Kingdon, Jonathan, and Michael Hoffmann, eds., 2013: null. Mammals of Africa, vol. 5: Carnivores, Pangolins, Equids and Rhinoceroses. 560. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole, 2000: null. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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