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Pliophoca etrusca ✝

Description

Pliophoca is an extinct genus of seal in the family Phocidae.


From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliophoca_etrusca, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4941665https://www.gbif.org/species/4941665
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)72204https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=72204
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Pliophoca : Pliophoca etrusca
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Pliophoca : Pliophoca etrusca
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-LaurasiatheriaWaddell et al. 1999
-ScrotiferaWaddell et al. 1999
-FeraeLinnaeus 1758
-CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
-CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivoraBowditch 1821
superfamilyArctoideaFlower 1869
-PinnipedimorphaBerta et al. 1989
-Pinnipedia
familyPhocidaeGray 1821
subfamilyMonachinaeTrouessart 1897
genusPliophocaTavani 1941
speciesPliophoca etruscaTavani 1941
Generic NamePliophoca
Scientific NamePliophoca etrusca Tavani, 1941
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Pliophoca etruscaspeciesbelongs to Pliophocastated without evidenceTavani, 1941
Pliophoca etruscaspeciesbelongs to Pliophocastated with evidenceBerta et al., 2015
Pliophoca etruscaspeciesbelongs to Pliophocastated without evidenceBerta et al., 2018
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
First Recorded Appearance7.25 - 5.33 Ma
Miocene
Last Recorded Appearance3.60 - 2.59 Ma
Cenozoic
Environmentmarine (based on Pinnipedia)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietpiscivore, carnivore (based on Phocidae)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Ontogenymodification of parts (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Primary Reference (PBDB)G. Tavani. 1941. Revisione dei resti del pinnipede conservato nel museo di geologia di Pisa. Palaeontographica Italica 40:97-112
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliophoca_etrusca

Fossil Distribution

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1941Pliophoca etrusca Tavani p. 112 figs. Fig. 1, 2, 10, 13, 18, 22
1972Pliophoca etrusca Hendey p. 100
2000Pliophoca etrusca Mendez et al. p. 24
2001Pliophoca etrusca Koretsky p. 86
2003Pliophoca etrusca Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2008Pliophoca etrusca Koretsky and Barnes p. 550
YearName and Author
2008Pliophoca etrusca Koretsky and Ray p. 103
2010Pliophoca etrusca Werdelin and Peigne p. 649
2015Pliophoca etrusca Berta et al. p. 3
2018Pliophoca etrusca Berta et al. p. 210 figs. Fig. 4
2018Pliophoca etrusca Dewaele et al. p. 15
2019Pliophoca etrusca Kienle and Berta

References

Tavani G. (1941) Revisione dei resti del pinnipede conservato nel museo di geologia di Pisa, Palaeontographica Italica 40, 97-112
Mendez J. M., Galobart A., et al (2000) Sobre la presencia de Pliophoca etrusca (Tavani, 1941) en el Plioceno catalan, Batalleria 9, 23-28
Koretsky I. (2001) Morphology and systematics of Miocene Phocinae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Paratethys and the North Atlantic region, Geologica Hungarica Series Palaeontologica 54, 1-109
Deméré T. A., Berta A., et al (2003) Pinnipedimorph evolutionary biogeography, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279, 32-76
Koretsky I. A., Barnes L. G. (2008) Phocidae, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 2, 542-556
Koretsky I. A., Ray C. E. (2008) Phocidae of the Pliocene of eastern USA, Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 14, 81-140
Werdelin L., Peigne S. (2010) Carnivora, Cenozoic Mammals of Africa, 603-657
Berta A., Kienle S., et al (2015) A reevaluation of Pliophoca etrusca (Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from the Pliocene of Italy: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e889144 doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.889144
Berta A., Churchill M., et al (2018) The Origin and Evolutionary Biology of Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 46, 203-228 doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009
Dewaele L., Peredo C. M., et al (2018) Diversity of late Neogene Monachinae (Carnivora, Phocidae) from the North Atlantic, with the description of two new species, Royal Society Open Science 5 172437, 1-27 doi:10.1098/rsos.172437
Kienle S. S., Berta A. (2019) The evolution of feeding strategies in phocid seals (Pinnipedia, Phocidae), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e1559172
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
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