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Orthopsidae ✝

Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4875652https://www.gbif.org/species/4875652
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)168414https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=168414
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Orthopsidae
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Orthopsidae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
-Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermataKlein 1754
subphylumEchinozoavon Zittel 1895
classEchinoidea
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
superorderAcroechinoidea
-CarinaceaKroh and Smith 2010
familyOrthopsidaeDuncan 1889
Scientific NameOrthopsidae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Orthopsidaefamilybelongs to Diademinastated without evidenceClark and Twitchell, 1915
Orthopsidaefamilybelongs to Orthopsidastated without evidenceFell and Pawson, 1966
Orthopsidaefamilybelongs to Orthopsidastated with evidenceGeys and Jagt, 1986
Orthopsidaefamilybelongs to Echinaceastated with evidenceSmith, 1991
Orthopsidaefamilybelongs to Orthopsidastated with evidenceSmith, 1995
Orthopsidaefamilybelongs to Carinaceastated with evidenceKroh and Smith, 2010
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)11
First Recorded Appearance201 - 174 Ma
Jurassic
Last Recorded Appearance23.0 - 5.3 Ma
Miocene
Environmentmarine (based on Echinodermata)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Echinoidea)
Visionlimited (based on Echinoidea)
Dietgrazer, deposit feeder (based on Echinoidea)
Reproductiondispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata)
Ontogenyaccretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)
Taphonomyhigh Mg calcite (based on Echinoidea)
Primary Reference (PBDB)P. M. Duncan. 1889. A revision of the genera and great groups of the Echinoidea. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology 23:1-311

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Brochechinus ✝
genus		accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Cuscuzispina
genus		accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Dubarechinus ✝
genus		accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Echinopsis ✝
genus		accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)		11125 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous		23.0 Ma
Miocene
Gymnodiadema ✝
genus		accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Orthocidaris ✝
genus		accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Orthopsis ✝
genus		accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)		47157 Ma
Jurassic		70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parorthopsis
genus		accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Pseudorthopsis ✝
genus		accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)		237.2 Ma
Eocene		33.9 Ma
Oligocene
Scaptodiadema ✝
genus		doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)		1201 Ma
Early Jurassic		201 Ma
Early Jurassic

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1915Orthopsidae Clark and Twitchell p. 52
1966Orthopsidae Fell and Pawson p. U437
1986Orthopsidae Geys and Jagt p. 102
1991Orthopsidae Smith p. 30
1995Orthopsidae Smith p. 136
2010Orthopsidae Kroh and Smith p. 170

References

Duncan P. M. A revision of the genera and great groups of the Echinoidea, Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology 23, 1-311
Clark W. B., Twitchell M. W. (1915) The Mesozoic and Cenozoic Echinodermata of the United States, United States Geological Survey Bulletin 54, 1-341
Fell H. B., Pawson D. L. (1966) Echinacea, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,Part U Echinodermata 3. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press 2, U367-U440
Geys J. F., Jagt J. (1986) Additional regular echinoids from the Upper Cretaceous in the Maastricht area (Belgium), Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 60, 93-107
Smith A. B. (1991) Taxonomic descriptions, in Cretaceous echinoids from north-eastern Brazil, Fossils and Strata 31, 1-88
Smith A. B. (1995) Late Campanian-Maastrichtian echinoids from the United Arab Emirates-Oman border region, Bulletin of the Natural History Museum (Geology Series) 51, 121-240
Kroh A., Smith A. B. (2010) The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8 2, 147-212 doi:10.1080/14772011003603556
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Museum Victoria KEmu database (Oct 2006) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Kroh, A. & Smith, A.B. (2010): The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 8/2: 147-212. - via World Register of Marine Species
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
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