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Australithax ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4832681	https://www.gbif.org/species/4832681
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	36674	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36674

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Phocoenidae : Australithax

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Phocoenidae : Australithax

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
order	Cetacea	Brisson 1762
-	Pelagiceti	Uhen 2008
-	Neoceti	Fordyce and de Muizon 2001
suborder	Odontoceti	Flower 1867
infraorder	Delphinida	Muizon 1984
superfamily	Delphinoidea	Flower 1865
family	Phocoenidae
genus	Australithax	de Muizon 1988

Scientific Name

Australithax de Muizon, 1988

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Australithax	genus	belongs to Phocoenidae	stated without evidence	Muizon, 1988
Australithax	genus	belongs to Phocoeninae	stated without evidence	de Muizon, 1988
Australithax	genus	belongs to Phocoenidae	stated without evidence	Benton, 1993
Australithax	genus	belongs to Phocoenidae	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Australithax	genus	belongs to Phocoeninae	stated without evidence	Fordyce and de Muizon, 2001
Australithax	genus	belongs to Cetacea	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Australithax	genus	belongs to Phocoeninae	stated with evidence	Murakami et al., 2014
Australithax	genus	belongs to Phocoenidae	stated with evidence	Colpaert et al., 2015
Australithax	genus	belongs to Phocoenidae	stated without evidence	Berta, 2017

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

11.6 - 7.2 Ma
Miocene

Last Recorded Appearance

5.33 - 3.60 Ma
Neogene

Environment

marine,freshwater (based on Odontoceti)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Cetacea)

Diet

piscivore (based on Phocoenidae)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Odontoceti)

Ontogeny

modification of parts (based on Cetacea)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite (based on Odontoceti)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. Muizon. 1988. Les vertebres fossiles de la Formation Pisco (Perou). Troisieme partie: Les Odontocetes (Cetacea, Mammalia) du Miocene. Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations (78):1-244

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Australithax intermedia ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1988	Australithax Muizon
1988	Australithax de Muizon p. 162
1993	Australithax Benton p. 762
1996	Australithax Cozzuol p. 327
1997	Australithax McKenna and Bell p. 390
2001	Australithax Fordyce and de Muizon p. 179

Year	Name and Author
2002	Australithax Sepkoski, Jr.
2014	Australithax Murakami et al. p. 502 figs. Figure 7
2015	Australithax Colpaert et al. p. 9 figs. Figure 8
2016	Australithax Marx et al. p. 139
2017	Australithax Berta p. 164
2019	Australithax Govender p. 13

References

Muizon C. (1988) Les vertebres fossiles de la Formation Pisco (Perou). Troisieme partie: Les Odontocetes (Cetacea, Mammalia) du Miocene, Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations 78, 1-244

de Muizon C. (1988) Les relations phylogenetiques des Delphinida (Cetacea, Mammalia), Annales de Paleontologie 74 4, 159-227

Benton M. J. (1993) , The Fossil Record 2, 1-845

Cozzuol M. A. (1996) The record of aquatic mammals in southern South America, Munchner Geowissenshaftliche Abhandlungen. A, Geoligie und Palaontologie 30, 321-342

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Fordyce R. E., de Muizon C. (2001) Evolutionary history of the cetaceans: a review, Secondary Adaptations of Tetrapods to Life in the Water, 169-233

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Murakami M., Shimada C., et al (2014) Eodelphis kabatensis, a new name for the oldest true dolphin Stenella kabatensis Horikawa, 1977 (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinidae), from the upper Miocene of Japan, and the phylogeny and paleobiogeography of Delphinoidea, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 3, 491-511 doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.816720

Colpaert W., Bosselaers M., et al (2015) Out of the Pacific: A second fossil porpoise from the Pliocene of the North Sea Basin, Acata Paleontologica Polonica 60 1, 1-10 doi:10.4202/app.00115.2014

Marx F. G., Lambert O., et al (2016) Cetacean Paleobiology, 1-319

Berta A. (2017) , The Rise of Marine Mammals: 50 Million Years of Evolution, 1-198

Govender R. (2019) Fossil cetaceans from Duinefontein (Koeberg) an early Pliocene site on the southwestern Cape, South Africa, Palaeontologia Electronica 22 1.6A, 1-21 doi:10.26879/673

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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