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Helaletes ✝

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Description

Helaletes is an extinct perissodactyl closely related to tapirs. Fossils have been found in North America.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helaletes, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4830324	https://www.gbif.org/species/4830324
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	43109	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43109

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Helaletidae : Helaletes

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Helaletes

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
order	Perissodactyla
-	Tapiromorpha
-	Ceratomorpha
superfamily	Tapiroidea	Gill 1872
genus	Helaletes	Marsh 1872

Scientific Name

Helaletes Marsh, 1872

Name Published In

Amer. J. Sci., (3) 4

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Helaletes	genus	belongs to Tapiroidea	stated without evidence	Marsh, 1872
Helaletes	genus	subjective synonym of Hyrachyus	stated without evidence	Cope, 1873
Helaletes	genus	belongs to Lophiodontinae	stated without evidence	Cope, 1881
Helaletes	genus	belongs to Lophiodontidae	stated with evidence	Scott, 1883
Helaletes	genus	belongs to Lophiodontidae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Helaletes	genus	belongs to Helaletinae	stated with evidence	Peterson, 1919
Helaletes	genus	belongs to Tapiroidea	stated without evidence	Wood, 1934
Helaletes	genus	belongs to Helaletidae	stated with evidence	Radinsky, 1963
Helaletes	genus	belongs to Helaletinae	stated with evidence	Radinsky, 1966
Helaletes	genus	belongs to Tapiroidea	stated without evidence	Gazin, 1976
Helaletes	genus	belongs to Tapiroidea	stated with evidence	Colbert and Schoch, 1998
Helaletes	genus	belongs to Helaletidae	stated with evidence	Holbrook, 1999
Helaletes	genus	belongs to Tapiroidea	stated with evidence	Colbert, 2005

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

55.8 - 50.3 Ma
Eocene

Last Recorded Appearance

48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

browser (based on Tapiroidea)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

O. C. Marsh. 1872. Preliminary description of new Tertiary mammals. Part II. American Journal of Science 4(21):202-224

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helaletes

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Helaletes medius ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Helaletes mongoliensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Lophiodon nanus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	20	55.8 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1872	Helaletes Marsh
1881	Helaletes Cope p. 381
1883	Helaletes Scott p. 53
1902	Helaletes Hay p. 625
1919	Helaletes Peterson p. 104
1934	Helaletes Wood
1963	Helaletes Radinsky p. 24
1966	Helaletes Radinsky p. 633

Year	Name and Author
1976	Helaletes Gazin
1984	Helaletes Schoch
1984	Helaletes Stucky
1989	Helaletes Prothero and Schoch p. 533
1998	Helaletes Colbert and Schoch p. 575
1999	Helaletes Holbrook p. 346
2005	Helaletes Colbert p. 12

References

Marsh O. C. Preliminary description of new Tertiary mammals. Part II, American Journal of Science 4 21, 202-224 doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-4.21.202

Cope E. D. The systematic arrangement of the Order Perissodactyla, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 19 108, 377-401

Scott W. B. Two new Eocene lophiodonts, Contributions from the E. M. Museum of Geology and Archeology of Princeton College 3 4, 46-53

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Peterson O. A. (1919) Report Upon the Material Discovered in the Upper Eocene of the Uinta Basin by Earl Douglas in the Years 1908-1909, and by O. A. Peterson in 1912, Annals of Carnegie Museum 12 2, 40-168

Wood H. E. (1934) Revision of the Hyrachyidae, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 67 5, 181-295

Radinsky L. B. (1963) Origin and Early Evolution of North American Tapiroidea, Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin 17, 1-118

Radinsky L. B. (1966) The families of the Rhinocerotoidea (Mammalia, Perissodactyla), Journal of Mammalogy 47 4, 631-639

Gazin C. L. (1976) Mammalian Faunal Zones of the Bridger Middle Eocene, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 26, 1-25

Schoch R. M. (1984) Two unusual specimens of Helaletes in the Yale Peabody Museum collections, and some comments on the ancestry of the Tapiridae (Perissodactyla, Mammalia), Postilla 193, 1-20

Stucky R. K. (1984) The Wasatchian-Bridgerian Land Mammal Age boundary (early to middle Eocene) in western North America, Annals of Carnegie Museum 53 12, 347-382

Prothero D. R., Schoch R. M. (1989) Origin and evolution of the Perissodactyla: Summary and Synthesis, The Evolution of Perissodactyls, 530-529

Colbert M. W., Schoch R. M. (1998) Tapiroidea and other moropomorphs, Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America, 569-582

Holbrook L. T. (1999) The Pphylogeny and classification of tapiromorph perissodactyls (Mammalia), Cladistics 15 3, 331-350

Colbert M. W. (2005) The facial skeleton of the early Oligocene Colodon (Perissodactyla, Tapiroidea), Palaeontologia Electronica 8 1, 1-27

Amer. J. Sci., (3) 4 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

GBIF/Yale University Peabody Museum: Peabody Paleoportal DiGIR Service (VP) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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