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Herpetotherium ✝

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Description

Herpetotherium is an extinct genus of metatherian mammal.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpetotherium, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4826731	https://www.gbif.org/species/4826731
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39965	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39965

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Didelphimorphia : Didelphidae : Herpetotherium

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Marsupialia : Herpetotheriidae : Herpetotherium

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Theriamorpha
-	Theriiformes
-	Trechnotheria	McKenna 1975
-	Cladotheria	McKenna 1975
-	Boreosphenida
subclass	Theria	Parker and Haswell 1897
subclass	Metatheria
-	Marsupialia
-	Herpetotheriidae
genus	Herpetotherium	Cope 1873

Scientific Name

Herpetotherium Cope, 1873

Name Published In

Pal. Bull., No. 16

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Herpetotherium	genus	belongs to Didelphidae	stated without evidence	Cope, 1873
Herpetotherium	genus	subjective synonym of Didelphys	stated without evidence	Cope, 1879
Herpetotherium	genus	subjective synonym of Peratherium	stated without evidence	Cope, 1884
Herpetotherium	genus	subjective synonym of Didelphis	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Herpetotherium	genus	belongs to Didelphidae	stated without evidence	Troxell, 1923
Herpetotherium	genus	subjective synonym of Peratherium	stated without evidence	Simpson, 1928
Herpetotherium	genus	belongs to Didelphidae	stated without evidence	Hough, 1961
Herpetotherium	genus	subjective synonym of Peratherium	stated without evidence	Gazin, 1976
Herpetotherium	genus	belongs to Didelphidae	stated with evidence	Crochet, 1977
Herpetotherium	genus	belongs to Didelphini	stated with evidence	Krishtalka and Stucky, 1983
Herpetotherium	genus	subjective synonym of Peratherium	stated without evidence	Russell, 1984
Herpetotherium	genus	belongs to Didelphidae	stated with evidence	Korth, 1992
Herpetotherium	genus	belongs to Herpetotheriinae	stated with evidence	Korth, 1994
Herpetotherium	genus	belongs to Didelphidae	stated without evidence	Eberle and Storer, 1995
Herpetotherium	genus	belongs to Herpetotheriinae	stated with evidence	Johanson, 1996
Herpetotherium	genus	belongs to Didelphidae	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Herpetotherium	genus	belongs to Herpetotheriidae	stated with evidence	Sánchez-Villagra et al., 2007
Herpetotherium	genus	belongs to Marsupialia	stated without evidence	Wilson et al., 2016

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

56.0 - 50.3 Ma
Eocene

Last Recorded Appearance

20.4 - 16.0 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Mammalia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

omnivore (based on Marsupialia)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Theria)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

E. D. Cope. 1873. Third Notice Of Extinct Vertebrata From The Tertiary of the Plains. Paleontological Bulletin 16:1-8

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpetotherium

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Didelphys valens ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	13	40.4 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Herpetotherium fuzax ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	29	37.2 Ma Eocene	30.8 Ma Oligocene
Peratherium innominatum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	38	55.8 Ma Eocene	40.4 Ma Eocene
Peratherium knighti ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	64	56.0 Ma Paleocene	40.4 Ma Eocene
Peratherium merriami ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	33.3 Ma Oligocene	33.3 Ma Oligocene
Peratherium youngi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	23	33.9 Ma Oligocene	24.8 Ma Oligocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1873	Herpetotherium Cope
1923	Herpetotherium Troxell
1961	Herpetotherium Hough
1977	Herpetotherium Crochet
1980	Herpetotherium Crochet
1983	Herpetotherium Fox
1983	Herpetotherium Krishtalka and Stucky p. 207
1992	Herpetotherium Korth

Year	Name and Author
1994	Herpetotherium Korth p. 378
1995	Herpetotherium Eberle and Storer
1996	Herpetotherium Johanson p. 1023
1997	Herpetotherium McKenna and Bell
2007	Herpetotherium Sánchez-Villagra et al. p. 318
2012	Herpetotherium Rose et al. p. 18
2012	Herpetotherium Williamson et al.
2016	Herpetotherium Wilson et al.

References

Cope E. D. Third Notice Of Extinct Vertebrata From The Tertiary of the Plains, Paleontological Bulletin 16, 1-8

Hough J. R. (1961) Review of Oligocene Didelphid Marsupials, Journal of Paleontology 35 1, 218-228

Krishtalka L., Stucky R. K. (1983) Revision of the Wind River faunas, early Eocene of central Wyoming. Part 3. Marsupialia, Annals of Carnegie Museum 52 9, 205-227

Korth W. W. (1994) Middle Tertiary marsupials (Mammalia) from North America, Journal of Paleontology 68 2, 376-397

Eberle J., Storer J. E. (1995) Herpetotherium valens (Lambe), a Didelphid Marsupial from the Calf Creek Local Fauna (Chadronian), Saskatchewan, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15 4

Johanson Z. (1996) New marsupial from the Fort Union Formation, Swain Quarry, Wyoming, Journal of Paleontology 70 6, 1023-1031

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Sánchez-Villagra M., Ladevèze S., et al (2007) Exceptionally preserved North American Paleogene metatherians: adaptations and discovery of a major gap in the opossum fossil record, Biology Letters 3, 318-322 doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0090

Rose K. D., Chew A. E., et al (2012) Earliest Eocene mammalian fauna from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum at Sand Creek Divide, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 36, 1-122

Williamson T. E., Brusatte S. L., et al (2012) The phylogeny and evolution of Cretaceous–Palaeogene metatherians: cladistic analysis and description of new early Palaeocene specimens from the Nacimiento Formation, New Mexico, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10 4, 625-651

Wilson G. P., Ekdale E. G., et al (2016) A large carnivorous mammal from the Late Cretaceous and the North American origin of marsupials, Nature Communications 7, 13734:1-10

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Pal. Bull., No. 16 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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