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Deinotherium giganteum

Description

Deinotherium ("terrible beast" derived from the Ancient Greek δεινός, deinos meaning "terrible" and θηρίον, therion meaning "beast") was a large prehistoric relative of modern-day elephants that appeared in the Middle Miocene and survived until the Early Pleistocene. During that time, it changed very little. In life, it probably resembled modern elephants, except it had downward-curving tusks attached to the lower jaw.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4825896https://www.gbif.org/species/4825896
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)90204https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=90204
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : Deinotherium : Deinotherium giganteum
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : Deinotherium : Deinotherium giganteum
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
-TethytheriaMcKenna 1975
orderProboscidea
suborderDeinotherioidea
familyDeinotheriidaeBonaparte 1845
genusDeinotheriumKaup 1825
speciesDeinotherium giganteumKaup 1829
Generic NameDeinotherium
Scientific NameDeinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Deinotherium giganteumspeciesbelongs to Deinotheriumstated with evidenceKaup, 1829
Deinotherium giganteumspeciesbelongs to Dinotheriumstated without evidenceKaup, 1832
Deinotherium giganteumspeciesbelongs to Dinotheriumstated with evidenceBergounioux and Crouzel, 1961
Deinotherium giganteumspeciesbelongs to Deinotheriumstated without evidenceShoshani and Tassy, 1996
Deinotherium giganteumspeciesbelongs to Deinotheriumstated with evidenceAthanassiou, 2004
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
First Recorded Appearance23.0 - 13.7 Ma
Miocene
Last Recorded Appearance5.33 - 3.60 Ma
Neogene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietgrazer, browser (based on Proboscidea)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)F.-M. Bergounioux and F. Crouzel. 1961. Classification des Dinothéridés d'Europe. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 253(3):510-512
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deinotherium_giganteum

Fossil Distribution

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Deinotherium gigantissimum Stefnescu, 1892GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : Deinotherium : Deinotherium gigantissimum
Deinotherium levius Jourdan, 1868GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : Deinotherium : Deinotherium levius
Dinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : Deinotherium : Dinotherium giganteum
Dinotherium gigantissimum Stefnescu, 1892GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : Deinotherium : Dinotherium gigantissimum
Dinotherium levius Jourdan, 1868GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : Deinotherium : Dinotherium levius

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1829Deinotherium giganteum Kaup
1832Dinotherium giganteum Kaup p. 2
1868Deinotherium levius Jourdan
1892Deinotherium gigantissimum Stef?nescu
1961Dinotherium giganteum Bergounioux and Crouzel p. 512
1994Deinotherium giganteum Tsoukala and Melentis
YearName and Author
1996Deinotherium giganteum Shoshani and Tassy p. 355 figs. Appendix C.1
2004Deinotherium giganteum Athanassiou
2005Deinotherium giganteum Geraads et al. p. 526
2005Deinotherium giganteum Poulakakis et al.
2005Deinotherium gigantissimum Shoshani and Tassy p. 7

References

Bergounioux F.-M., Crouzel F. (1961) Classification des Dinothéridés d'Europe, Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 253 3, 510-512
Tsoukala E., Melentis J. K. (1994) Deinotherium giganteum Kaup (Proboscidea) from Kassandra peninsula (Chalkidiki, Macedonia, Greece), Geobios 27 5, 633-640
Shoshani J., Tassy P. (1996) Summary, conclusions, and a glimpse into the future, in J. Shoshani and P. Tassy, eds., The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives, 335-348
Athanassiou A. (2004) On a Deinotherium (Proboscidea) finding in the Neogene of Crete, Carnets de Géologie - Notebooks on Geology - Letter 5, 1-7
Geraads D., Kaya T., et al (2005) Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 3, 523-544
Poulakakis N., Lymberakis P., et al (2005) Deinotherium giganteum (Proboscidea, Deinotheriidae) from the late Miocene of Crete, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 3, 732-736
Shoshani J., Tassy P. (2005) Advances in proboscidean taxonomy & classification, anatomy & physiology, and ecology & behavior, Quaternary International 126-128, 5-20
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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