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Toxopneustes
| Description | Toxopneustes is a genus of sea urchins from the tropical Indo-Pacific. It contains four species. They are known to possess medically significant venom to humans on their pedicellariae (tiny claw-like structures). They are sometimes collectively known as flower urchins, after the most widespread and most commonly encountered species in the genus, the flower urchin (Toxopneustes pileolus). Species included in the genus are the following: From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxopneustes, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | genus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Camarodonta : Toxopneustidae : Toxopneustes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Camarodonta : Toxopneustidae : Toxopneustes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Toxopneustes Agassiz, 1841 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name Published In | Agassiz, Louis. 1841. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 2 (100%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 5.33 - 3.60 Ma Neogene | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | marine (based on Echinodermata) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | actively mobile (based on Echinoidea) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vision | limited (based on Echinoidea) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | grazer, deposit feeder (based on Echinoidea) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reproduction | dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ontogeny | accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | high Mg calcite (based on Echinoidea) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | ラッパウニ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxopneustes |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
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| Toxopneustes elegans species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Toxopneustes maculatus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Toxopneustes pileolus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Toxopneustes rosea species | listed (PBDB) | 0 Ma Extant | |||
| Toxopneustes roseus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Obsolete Names
| Name | Source | Taxon Rank | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boletia L.Agassiz, 1841 | GBIF | genus | Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Camarodonta : Toxopneustidae : Boletia |
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1841 | Toxopneustes Agassiz p. 7 |
| 1846 | Echinus (Toxopneustes) Agassiz and Desor |
| 1915 | Toxopneustes Clark and Twitchell p. 222 |
| 1938 | Toxopneustes Grant and Hertlein p. 26 |
| 1966 | Toxopneustes Fell and Pawson p. U427 |
| 2002 | Toxopneustes Sepkoski, Jr. |
| 2009 | Toxopneustes Smith |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
