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Spionidae

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Description

Spionidae is a family of marine worms within the Polychaeta. Spionids are selective deposit feeders that use their two grooved palps to locate prey. However, some spionids are capable of interface feeding, i.e. switching between deposit and suspension feeding.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spionidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3595	https://www.gbif.org/species/3595
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	104322	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104322

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Spionida : Spionidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Annelida	Lamarck 1809
class	Polychaeta	Grube 1850
subclass	Sedentaria	Lamarck 1818
infraclass	Canalipalpata	Rouse and Fauchald 1997
order	Spionida	Rouse and Fauchald 1997
family	Spionidae	Grube 1850

Scientific Name

Spionidae

Name Published In

Grube, Adolf Eduard. (1850). Die Familien der Anneliden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 16(1): 249-364.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Spionidae	family	belongs to Polychaeta	stated without evidence	Wienrich, 1999
Spionidae	family	belongs to Spionida	stated with evidence	Glasby et al., 2000

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

3 (100%)

First Recorded Appearance

161 - 156 Ma
Jurassic

Motility

stationary, attached, epibiont

Vision

limited (based on Polychaeta)

Diet

detritivore

Ecospace Comments

ECOSPACE CODE: 362; LIFE HISTORY: epifaunal (low tier), stationary, detritivore.

Primary Reference (PBDB)

G. Wienrich. 1999. Die Fauna des marinen Miozäns von Kevelaer (Niederrhein). Band 2 Bivalvia, Scaphopoda, Cephalopoda, Bryozoa, Annelida, Brachiopoda. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden 2:188-384

Common Name(s)

Haarwürmer, Spionid Worms, Spionids, Spios, スピオ, Rygghuvudsmaskar

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spionidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Amphipolydora genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aonidella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aonides genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aonis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Atherospio genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aurospio genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aurospiro genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Australospio genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Boccardia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Boccardiella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Carazziella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cheironotus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Colobranchus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Diplotis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dipolydora genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dispio genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Glandulospio genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Glyphochaeta genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Laonice genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Laubieriellus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Leucodore genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lindaspio genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Malacoceros genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Marenzelleria genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Meandropolydora genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	161 Ma Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Microspio genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Minuspio genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Morants genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Nerine genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Nerinides genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Nerinopsis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Orthoprionospio genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraprionospio genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Polydora genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		19	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Polydorella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Prionospio genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pseudopolydora genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pygophyllum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pygospio genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pygospiopsis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rhynchospio genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Scolecolepides genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Scolelepides genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Scolelepis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spio genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spiogalea genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spione genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spiophanella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spiophanes genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Streblospio genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Tripolydora genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Xandaros genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aquilospio pyramidalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pseudotherospio fauchaldi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1850	Spionidae Grube
1999	Spionidae Wienrich p. 281
2000	Spionidae Glasby et al. p. 53

References

Wienrich G. (1999) Die Fauna des marinen Miozäns von Kevelaer (Niederrhein). Band 2 Bivalvia, Scaphopoda, Cephalopoda, Bryozoa, Annelida, Brachiopoda, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden 2, 188-384

Glasby C. J., Hutchings P. A., et al (2000) Class Polychaeta, Polychaetes and Allies: The Southern Synthesis. Fauna of Australia: Polychaeta, Myzostomida, Pogonophora, Echuira, Sipuncula 4 A, 1-296

Fauchald, K. (1977). The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA), Science Series. 28:1-188. - via World Register of Marine Species

Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Blake, J.A. 1980. Polychaeta Spionidae from American and Antarctic Seas. American Zoologist 20(4): 264. - via World Register of Marine Species

Blake, J.A. 1996. Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. pages 81-223. IN: Blake, James A.; Hilbig, Brigitte; and Scott, Paul H. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. 6 - The Annelida Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. Santa Barbara - via World Register of Marine Species

Maciolek Blake, Nancy. 1983: Systematics of Atlantic Spionidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) with special reference to deep-water species. Ph. D. thesis. Boston University - via World Register of Marine Species

Blake, J.A. 1980. Polychaeta Spionidae from American and Antarctic Seas. American Zoologist 20(4): 264. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Grube, Adolf Eduard. (1850). Die Familien der Anneliden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 16(1): 249-364. - via World Register of Marine Species

Rouse, G. W., and K. Fauchald, 1997: Cladistics and polychaetes. Zoologica Scripta, vol. 26, no. 2. 139-204. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Fauchald, K., and G. W. Rouse, 1997: Polychaete systematics: Past and present. Zoologica Scripta, vol. 26, no. 2. 71-138. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (2002) - via Taxa Watermanagement the Netherlands (TWN)

Hartmann-Schröder, G. (1996) - via Taxa Watermanagement the Netherlands (TWN)

Parker 82, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, R.S. 2000. Family Spionidae. Pp. 197-200 in: Beesley, P.L., Ross, G.J.B., and Glasby, C.J. (eds) Polychaetes and Allies: the Southern Synthesis. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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