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Muraenidae

Photos

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Description

Moray eels, or Muraenidae, are a family of eels whose members are found worldwide. There are approximately 200 species in 15 genera which are almost exclusively marine, but several species are regularly seen in brackish water, and a few are found in fresh water.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muraenidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2953	https://www.gbif.org/species/2953
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	132681	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=132681

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Anguilliformes : Muraenidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Anguilliformes : Muraenidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
superclass	Actinopterygii
class	Actinopteri
subclass	Neopterygii
-	Teleosteomorpha	Arratia et al. 2004
-	Teleostei
-	Elopocephalai
-	Elopocephala
-	Elopomorpha
order	Anguilliformes	Greenwood et al. 1966
family	Muraenidae

Scientific Name

Muraenidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Muraenidae	family	belongs to Apodes	stated without evidence	Woodward, 1902
Muraenidae	family	belongs to Colocephali	stated without evidence	Jordan, 1963
Muraenidae	family	belongs to Muraenoidei	stated without evidence	Fierstine et al., 2012
Muraenidae	family	belongs to Anguilliformes	stated with evidence	Betancur-R et al., 2013
Muraenidae	family	belongs to Anguilliformes	stated without evidence	Fourriére et al., 2014

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

9 (35%)

First Recorded Appearance

86.3 - 83.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile

Diet

carnivore

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

M. Leriche. 1942. Contribution a l'etude des faunes ichthyologiques marines des terrains tertiaires de la plaine cotiere Atlantique et du centre des Etats-Unis. Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France (Nouvelle Serie) 45:1-111

Common Name(s)

Moray Eels, Morays, Murènes, Morenas, ウツボ

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muraenidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Anarchias genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Channomuraena genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cirrimaxilla genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Congeris ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	41.3 Ma Eocene	19.0 Ma Miocene
Diaphenchelys genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Echidna genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Enchelycore genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Enchelynassa genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gymnomuraena genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gymnothorax genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	47.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Lycodontis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Monopenchelys genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Muraena genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Otolithus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Pseudechidna genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rhinomuraena genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Scuticaria genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Strophidon genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Urenchelys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Uropterygius genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Heteromyridae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Anguilliformes : Heteromyridae

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1902	Muraenidae Woodward p. 30
1963	Muraenidae Jordan p. 633
2012	Muraenidae Fierstine et al. p. 13
2013	Muraenidae Betancur-R. et al.
2014	Muraenidae Fourriére et al. p. 380

References

Leriche M. (1942) Contribution a l'etude des faunes ichthyologiques marines des terrains tertiaires de la plaine cotiere Atlantique et du centre des Etats-Unis, Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France (Nouvelle Serie) 45, 1-111

Woodward A. S. (1902) The fishes of the English chalk, Palaeontographical Society 56, 1-56

Jordan D. S. (1963) The Genera of Fishes and a Classification of Fishes, Stanford University Press, 1-816

Fierstine H. L., Huddleston R. W., et al (2012) Catalog of the Neogene bony fishes of California: A ystematic inventory of all published accounts, Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 159, 1-206

Betancur-R. R., Broughton R. E., et al (2013) The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes, PLOS Currents Tree of Life doi:10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288

Fourriére M., Reyes-Bonilla H., et al (2014) Fishes of Clipperton Atoll, Eastern Pacific: Checklist, Endemism, and Analysis of Completeness of the Inventory, Pacific Science 68 3, 375-395 doi:10.2984/68.3.7

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Eschmeyer online (Jul 2012) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

FishBase - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Böhlke, E. B., J. E. McCosker, and D. G. Smith / Carpenter, Kent E., and Volker H. Niem, eds., 1999: Muraenidae: Morays. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes: The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific, vol. 3: Batoid fishes, chimaeras and Bony fishes, part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). 1643-1657. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Nelson, Joseph S., Edwin J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, et al., eds., 2004: Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico, Sixth Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, no. 29. ix + 386. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Robins, Richard C., Reeve M. Bailey, Carl E. Bond, James R. Brooker, Ernest A. Lachner, et al., 1991: Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States and Canada, Fifth Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, no. 20. 183. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Nelson, Joseph S., 1994: null. Fishes of the World, Third Edition. xvii + 600. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2019). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2019. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Van Der Laan, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Fricke, R. (2014). Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa. 3882(1): 1-230. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2019). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2019. - via World Register of Marine Species

Van Der Laan, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Fricke, R. (2014). Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa. 3882(1): 1-230. - via World Register of Marine Species

van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374 - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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