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Manouria

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Description

Manouria is a genus of tortoises in the family Testudinidae.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manouria, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2441822	https://www.gbif.org/species/2441822
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	132781	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=132781

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae : Manouria

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
-	Testudinata
order	Testudines	Batsch 1788
suborder	Cryptodira	Cope 1868
-	Pantestudinoidea	Joyce et al. 2004
superfamily	Testudinoidea	Gray 1825
-	Pantestudinidae	Joyce et al. 2004
family	Testudinidae	Batsch 1788
genus	Manouria	Gray 1854

Scientific Name

Manouria Gray, 1854

Name Published In

Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 20, 1852

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Manouria	genus	belongs to Emydidae	stated without evidence	Cope, 1884
Manouria	subgenus	belongs to Geochelone	stated with evidence	Auffenberg, 1971
Manouria	genus	subjective synonym of Geochelone	stated with evidence	Crumly, 1982
Manouria	genus	belongs to Testudinidae	stated without evidence	Frank and Ramus, 1996
Manouria	genus	belongs to Testudinidae	stated with evidence	Takahashi et al., 2003
Manouria	genus	belongs to Testudinidae	stated without evidence	van Dijk et al., 2014
Manouria	genus	belongs to Testudinidae	stated with evidence	Takahashi et al., 2018

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

3 (60%)

First Recorded Appearance

5.33 - 3.20 Ma
Neogene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Testudinidae)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

herbivore, herbivore (based on Testudinidae)

Reproduction

oviparous (based on Testudinidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

W. Auffenberg. 1971. A new fossil tortoise, with remarks on the origin of South American testudinines. Copeia 1971(1):106-117

Common Name(s)

Indochinese Tortoises

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manouria

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Manouria emys species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Asian Brown Tortoise	1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Manouria impressa species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Impressed Tortoise			0 Ma Extant
Manouria oyamai ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Manouria yushensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Manuria (Gray, 1852)	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae : *Manuria*
Scapia Gray, 1869	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae : *Scapia*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1852	Manouria Gray
1884	Manuria Cope
1971	Geochelone (Manouria) Auffenberg p. 115
1996	Manouria Frank and Ramus
2003	Manouria Takahashi et al.
2014	Manouria de la Fuente et al.
2014	Manouria van Dijk et al.
2018	Manouria Takahashi et al.

References

Auffenberg W. (1971) A new fossil tortoise, with remarks on the origin of South American testudinines, Copeia 1971 1, 106-117

Cope E. D. Testudinata, The Vertebrata of the Tertiary formations of the West. In: Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 3, 111-150

Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377

Takahashi A., Otsuka H., et al (2003) A new species of Manouria (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the Upper Pleistocene of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, Paleontological Research 7 3, 195-217

de la Fuente M. S., Sterli J., et al (2014) Origin, Evolution and Biogeographic History of South American Turtles, Springer Earth System Sciences doi:0.1007/978-3-319-00518-8

van Dijk P. P., Iverson J. B., et al (2014) Turtles of the World, 7th edition: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution with maps, and conservation status, Chelonian Research Monographs 5, 329-479

Takahashi A., Hirayama R., et al (2018) Systematic revision of Manouria oyamai (Testudines, Testudinidae), based on new material from the Upper Pleistocene of Okinawajima Island, the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, and its paleogeographic implications, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e1427594, 1-11 doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1427594

Turtle Taxonomy Working Group [van Dijk, P. P., J. Iverson, A. Rhodin, H. Shaffer, and R. Bour], 2014: Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with maps, and Conservation Status. Chelonian Research Monographs, no. 5, v. 7. 329-479. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Iverson, John B., 1992: null. A Revised Checklist with Distribution Maps of the Turtles of the World. xiii + 363. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 20, 1852 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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