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Aonyx capensis

Description

The African clawless otter (Aonyx capensis), also known as the Cape clawless otter or groot otter, is the second-largest freshwater species of otter. African clawless otters are found near permanent bodies of water in savannah and lowland forest areas. They range through most of sub-Saharan Africa, except for the Congo River basin and arid areas. They are characterized by partly webbed and clawless feet, from which their name is derived. The word aonyx means "clawless", derived from the prefix a- ("without") and onyx ("claw/hoof").


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2433900https://www.gbif.org/species/2433900
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)157462https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=157462
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Aonyx : Aonyx capensis
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Aonyx : Aonyx capensis
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-LaurasiatheriaWaddell et al. 1999
-ScrotiferaWaddell et al. 1999
-FeraeLinnaeus 1758
-CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
-CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivoraBowditch 1821
suborderCaniformiaKretzoi 1943
familyMustelidaeFischer 1817
genusAonyxLesson 1827
speciesAonyx capensisSchinz 1821
Generic NameAonyx
Common NameAfrican clawless otter
Scientific NameAonyx capensis (Schinz, 1821)
Name Published InIn G. Cuvier, Das Thierreich vol.1 p.211
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Aonyx capensisspeciesbelongs to Lutrastated without evidenceSchinz, 1821
Aonyx capensisspeciesbelongs to Aonyxstated with evidenceAllen, 1919
Aonyx capensisspeciesbelongs to Aonyxstated without evidenceWillemsen, 1992
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance5.33 - 2.59 Ma
Cenozoic
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore, omnivore (based on Mustelidae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. Marmi, J. F. López-Giráldez, and X. Domingo-Roura. 2004. Phylogeny, evolutionary history and taxonomy of the Mustelidae based on sequences of the cytochrome b gene and a complex repetitive flanking region. Zoologica Scripta 33(6):481-499
Common Name(s) African Or Cape Clawless Otter, African Clawless Otter, African Small-clawed Otter, Cape Clawless Otter, Swamp Otter
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aonyx_capensis

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Aonyx capensis capensis
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Aonyx capensis congicus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Aonyx capensis hindei
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Aonyx capensis meneleki
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Aonyx capensis microdon
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Aonyx capensis philippsi
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Lutra lenoiri Rochebrune, 1888GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Aonyx : Lutra lenoiri
Anahyster calabaricus Murray, 1860GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Aonyx : Anahyster calabaricus
Lutra capensis Schinz, 1821GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Aonyx : Lutra capensis
Lutra inunguis F.G.Cuvier, 1823GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Aonyx : Lutra inunguis
Aonyx delalandi Lesson, 1827GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Aonyx : Aonyx delalandi

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1821Lutra capensis Schinz
1823Lutra inunguis Cuvier
1827Aonyx delalandi Lesson
1919Aonyx capensis Allen p. 23
1992Aonyx capensis Willemsen p. 114
2004Aonyx capensis Marmi et al. p. 489
2016Aonyx capensis Cherin et al. p. 100 figs. Fig. 9

References

Marmi J., López-Giráldez J. F., et al (2004) Phylogeny, evolutionary history and taxonomy of the Mustelidae based on sequences of the cytochrome b gene and a complex repetitive flanking region, Zoologica Scripta 33 6, 481-499
Allen J. A. (1919) Preliminary notes on African Carnivora, Journal of Mammalogy 1 1, 23-31
Willemsen G. F. (1992) A revision of the Pliocene and Quaternary Lutrinae from Europe, Scripta Geologica 101, 1-115
Cherin M., Iurino D. A., et al (2016) A new otter from the Early Pleistocene of Pantalla (Italy), with remarks on the evolutionary history of Mediterranean Quaternary Lutrinae (Carnivora, Mustelidae), Quaternary Science Reviews 135, 92-102 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.01.008
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Rice, Dale W., 1998: Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4. ix + 231. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Kingdon, Jonathan, and Michael Hoffmann, eds., 2013: null. Mammals of Africa, vol. 5: Carnivores, Pangolins, Equids and Rhinoceroses. 560. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole, 2000: null. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2 - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) Common Names of Mammals of the World - via Catalogue of Life
Rice, Dale W. (1998) Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution: Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4 - via Catalogue of Life
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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