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Parapholas

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2288768	https://www.gbif.org/species/2288768
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	18485	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=18485

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Pholadidae : Parapholas

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadida : Pholadidae : Parapholas

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Eubivalvia	Carter 2011
subclass	Autobranchia
infraclass	Heteroconchia
-	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardiidia	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardiata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Pholadiformii	Gray 1854
order	Pholadida	Gray 1854
superfamily	Pholadoidea	Lamarck 1809
family	Pholadidae	Lamarck 1809
subfamily	Martesiinae	Grant 1931
genus	Parapholas	Conrad 1848

Scientific Name

Parapholas Conrad, 1848

Name Published In

Conrad, T. A. (1849). Descriptions of new fresh water and marine shells. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. (2) 1(4): 275-280, plates 37-39.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Parapholas	genus	belongs to Pholadidae	stated without evidence	Nagao, 1928
Parapholas	genus	belongs to Martesiinae	stated with evidence	Vokes, 1980
Parapholas	genus	belongs to Myoida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

2 (50%)

First Recorded Appearance

93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Motility

stationary (based on Pholadidae)

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Pholadidae)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Bivalvia)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Parapholas acuminata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Parapholas branchiata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Parapholas californica species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Parapholas calva species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Parapholas piriformis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Parapholas quadrizonata species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parapholas satoi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Parapholas stenoideus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Paraphola Paetel, 1875	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Pholadidae : *Paraphola*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1848	Parapholas Conrad
1928	Parapholas Nagao p. 87
1980	Parapholas Vokes p. 189
2002	Parapholas Sepkoski, Jr.

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Nagao T. (1928) Palaeogene fossils of the Island of Kyushu, Japan Part II, Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University 12 1, 11-140

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al., 1998: Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed.. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26. 526. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

SN2000/Boss, 1982 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 4 (6) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Conrad, T. A. (1849). Descriptions of new fresh water and marine shells. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. (2) 1(4): 275-280, plates 37-39. - via World Register of Marine Species

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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