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Apolysis
| Description | Apolysis (Ancient Greek: ἀπόλυσις "discharge, lit. absolution") is the separation of the cuticle from the epidermis in arthropods and related groups (Ecdysozoa). Since the cuticle of these animals is also the skeletal support of the body and is inelastic, it is shed during growth and a new covering of larger dimensions is formed. During this process, an arthropod becomes dormant for a period of time. Enzymes are secreted to digest the inner layers of the existing cuticle, detaching the animal from the outer cuticle. This allows the new cuticle to develop without being exposed to the environmental elements. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolysis, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | genus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Diptera : Bombyliidae : Apolysis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Apolysis Loew, 1860 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name Published In | Ofvers. VetensAkad. Förh. Stockholm, 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 1 (50%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 37.2 - 33.9 Ma Paleogene | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | terrestrial (based on Insecta) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | actively mobile (based on Arthropoda) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | chitin (based on Insecta) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | F. M. Carpenter. 1992. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part R, Arthropoda 4: Superclass Hexapoda 3/4:1-655 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolysis |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apolysis acrostichalis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis albella species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis albopilosa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis analis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis andalusiaca species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis anomalus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis anthonoma species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis aperta species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis arcostichalis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis atra species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis beijingensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis bicolor species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis bifaria species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis bilineata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis bivittata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis brachycera species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis brevirostris species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis capax species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis capicola species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis chalybea species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis cinctura species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis cinerea species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis cingulata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis cockerelli species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis colei species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis comosa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis corollae species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis crisis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis disjuncta species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis dissimilis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis distincta species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis divisus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis dolichorostris species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis dolorosa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis druias species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis elegans species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis eremitis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis eremophila species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis fasciola species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis flavifemoris species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis flavipleurus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis formosa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis fumalis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis fumipennis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis funatus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis galba species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis glabrifrons species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis glauca species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis hesseana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis hirtella species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis humilis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis instabilis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis irwini species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis knabi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis lactearia species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis langemarki species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis langenarki species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis lasius species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis leberi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis linderi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis longirostris species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis loricata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis lugens species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis maculata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis magister ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Apolysis maherniaphila species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis major species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis marginalis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis maskali species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis matutina species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis melanderella species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis minuscula species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis minutissima species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis mitis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis mohavea species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis montana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis monticola species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis montivaga species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis mus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis neuter species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis nigricans species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis obscura species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis oreophila species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis ornata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis palpalis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis pannea species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis parkeri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis petiolata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis polius species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis puberulus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis pulchra species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis pullata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis pusilloides species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis pygmaeus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis quebradae species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis quinquenotata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis retrorsa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis scapularis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis scapulata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis seminitens species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis setosa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis sigma species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis sipho species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis speculifera species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis stuckenbergi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis superbus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis szappanosi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis thamnophila species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis thornei species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis timberlakei species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis togata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis tomentosa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis trifida species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis triseritella species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis trochila species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis trochilides species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis xanthogaster species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis zaitzevi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apolysis zzyzxensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1860 | Apolysis Loew p. 86 |
| 1992 | Apolysis Carpenter |
| 1999 | Apolysis Evenhuis and Greathead |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
