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Ctenophora

Description

Ctenophora (singular ctenophore, or ; from Ancient Greek: κτείς, romanized: kteis, lit. 'comb' and φέρω, pherō, 'to carry'; commonly known as comb jellies) comprise a phylum of invertebrate animals that live in marine waters worldwide. They are notable for the groups of cilia they use for swimming (commonly referred to as "combs"), and they are the largest animals to swim with the help of cilia.Depending on the species, adult ctenophores range from a few millimeters to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in size. Only 100 to 150 species have been validated, and possibly another 25 have not been fully described and named. The textbook examples are cydippids with egg-shaped bodies and a pair of retractable tentacles fringed with tentilla ("little tentacles") that are covered with colloblasts, sticky cells that capture prey. Their bodies consist of a mass of jelly, with a layer two cells thick on the outside, and another lining the internal cavity. The phylum has a wide range of body forms, including the egg-shaped cydippids with retractable tentacles that capture prey, the flat generally combless platyctenids, and the large-mouthed beroids, which prey on other ctenophores.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)1507726https://www.gbif.org/species/1507726
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)139744https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=139744
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Diptera : Tipulidae : Ctenophora
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-Bilateria
-EubilateriaAx 1987
-ProtostomiaGrobben 1908
-Ecdysozoa
-Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
subphylumMandibulata
-Pancrustacea
superclassHexapodaLatreille 1825
-CercofilataKukalová-Peck 1987
classInsectaLinnaeus 1758
-Dicondylia
-ParanotaliaSroka et al. 2014
subclassPterygotaBrauer 1885
-NeopterygotaCrampton 1924
infraclassNeopteraMartynov 1923
-Holometabola
-Aparaglossata
-Mecopterida
superorderAntliophora
orderDipteraLinnaeus 1758
suborderNematoceraLatreille 1825
infraorderTipulomorpha
familyTipulidaeLatreille 1802
genusCtenophoraMeigen 1803
Scientific NameCtenophora Meigen, 1803
Name Published InMeigen, Johann W. 1803. Versuch einer neuen GattungsEintheilung der europäischen zweiflügligen Insekten. Magazin für Insektenkunde 2: 259-281.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Ctenophoragenusbelongs to Tipulidaestated with evidenceAldrich, 1905
Ctenophoragenusbelongs to Tipulidaestated without evidenceEvenhuis, 1994
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)2
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (50%)
First Recorded Appearance28.4 - 23.0 Ma
Cenozoic
Environmentterrestrial (based on Insecta)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Arthropoda)
Taphonomychitin (based on Insecta)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. W. Meigen. 1803. Versuch einer neuen Gattungseintheilung der europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Magazin für Insektenkunde 2:259-281
Common Name(s) Ribkwalletjes
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ctenophora

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Ctenophora amabilis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora apicata
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora biguttata
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora decheni
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
228.4 Ma
Oligocene
28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Ctenophora dorsalis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora elegans
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora fastuosa
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora festiva
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora flaveolata
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora fumosa
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora guttata
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora ishiharai
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora magnifica
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora nigriceps
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora nikkoensis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora nubecula
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora ornata
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora pectinicornis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora perjocosa
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora pselliophoroides
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora septentrionalis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora sibirica
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora tricolor
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ctenophora yezoana
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1803Ctenophora Meigen p. 263
1905Ctenophora Aldrich p. 97
1994Ctenophora Evenhuis

References

Meigen J. W. Versuch einer neuen Gattungseintheilung der europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten, Magazin für Insektenkunde 2, 259-281
Aldrich J. M. (1905) A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged flies), Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 46 2, 1-680
Evenhuis N. L. (1994) , Catalogue of the Fossil Flies of the World (Insecta: Diptera), 1-600
Thompson C. F. and N. L. Evenhuis, eds., 1998: Biosystematic Database of World Diptera. Diptera Data Dissemination Disk, vol. 1. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Mag. f. Insektenk. (Illiger), 2 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family (nonmarine except where stated) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
ArtDatabanken (2004) TAXA-tabellen - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
de Jong, Y.S.D.M. (ed.) (2015) Fauna Europaea version 2.6. Web Service available online at http://www.faunaeur.org - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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