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Paraphaenogaster ✝

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Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	1323581	https://www.gbif.org/species/1323581
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	71537	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71537

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Paraphaenogaster

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Paraphaenogaster

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
-	Pancrustacea
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
-	Cercofilata	Kukalová-Peck 1987
class	Insecta	Linnaeus 1758
-	Dicondylia
-	Paranotalia	Sroka et al. 2014
subclass	Pterygota	Brauer 1885
-	Neopterygota	Crampton 1924
infraclass	Neoptera	Martynov 1923
-	Holometabola
order	Hymenoptera	Linnaeus 1758
-	Unicalcarida	Schulmeister et al. 2002
suborder	Vespina
suborder	Apocrita	Gerstaecker 1867
-	Aculeata
superfamily	Vespoidea	Latreille 1802
family	Formicidae	Latreille 1802
subfamily	Myrmicinae	Lepeletier 1835
tribe	Stenammini	Ashmead 1905
genus	Paraphaenogaster	Dlussky 1981

Scientific Name

Paraphaenogaster Dlussky, 1981

Name Published In

Trudy paleont. Inst. 183

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Paraphaenogaster	genus	belongs to Myrmicinae	stated with evidence	Dlussky, 1981
Paraphaenogaster	genus	belongs to Myrmicinae	stated without evidence	Hong, 1983
Paraphaenogaster	genus	belongs to Formicidae	stated without evidence	Carpenter, 1992
Paraphaenogaster	genus	belongs to Pheidolini	stated with evidence	Bolton, 2003
Paraphaenogaster	genus	misspelling of Paraphaenogaster	stated with evidence	Bolton, 2012
Paraphaenogaster	genus	belongs to Myrmicinae	stated without evidence	Dlussky and Perfilieva, 2014
Paraphaenogaster	genus	belongs to Stenammini	stated with evidence	Ward et al., 2015

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

38.0 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene

Last Recorded Appearance

7.25 - 5.33 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Insecta)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Arthropoda)

Taphonomy

chitin (based on Insecta)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

G. M. Dlussky. 1981. Miocenovye muravwi (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) CCCP. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 183:64-83

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Aphaenogaster lapidescens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aphaenogaster paludosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraphaenogaster avita ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Paraphaenogaster dumetorum ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Paraphaenogaster hooleyana ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Paraphaenogaster jurinei ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	12.7 Ma Miocene	12.7 Ma Miocene
Paraphaenogaster lapidescens ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Paraphaenogaster maculata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Paraphaenogaster maculipes ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Paraphaenogaster microphthalma species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraphaenogaster microphthalmus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	12.7 Ma Miocene
Paraphaenogaster paludosa ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Paraphaenogaster pannonica ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	7.25 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Paraphaenogaster shanwangensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Paraphaenogaster tertiaria ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		6	12.7 Ma Miocene	12.7 Ma Miocene
Rectorhagas dumetorum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Paraphaeogaster Dlussky, 1981	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Formicidae : *Paraphaeogaster*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1981	Paraphaenogaster Dlussky
1983	Paraphaenogaster Hong p. 8
1992	Paraphaenogaster Carpenter
2003	Paraphaenogaster Bolton p. 64
2012	Paraphaenogaster Bolton
2014	Paraphaenogaster Dlussky and Perfilieva p. 432
2015	Paraphaenogaster Ward et al. p. 77

References

Dlussky G. M. (1981) Miocenovye muravwi (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) CCCP, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 183, 64-83

Hong Y. C. (1983) Fossil insects in the diatoms of Shanwang, Bulletin of the Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources 8, 1-15

Carpenter F. M. (1992) , Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part R, Arthropoda 4: Superclass Hexapoda 3/4, 1-655

Bolton B. (2003) Synopsis and classification of Formicidae, Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71, 1-370

Bolton B. (2012) , Catalogue of Ants of the World

Dlussky G. M., Perfilieva K. S. (2014) Superfamily Formicoidea Latreille, 1802. The wasps, bees and ants (Insecta: Vespida=Hymenoptera) from the Insect Limestone (Late Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, UK, Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 104

Ward P. S., Brady S. G., et al (2015) The evolution of myrmicine ants: phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Systematic Entomology 40, 61-81

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000 unverified - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Trudy paleont. Inst. 183 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000 unverified, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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