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Bittacus

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Description

Bittacus is a genus of hanging flies in the order Mecoptera. Members of the genus have a cosmopolitan distribution.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittacus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	1031871	https://www.gbif.org/species/1031871
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	137034	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=137034

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Bittacidae : Bittacus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Bittacidae : Bittacus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
-	Pancrustacea
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
-	Cercofilata	Kukalová-Peck 1987
class	Insecta	Linnaeus 1758
-	Dicondylia
-	Paranotalia	Sroka et al. 2014
subclass	Pterygota	Brauer 1885
-	Neopterygota	Crampton 1924
infraclass	Neoptera	Martynov 1923
-	Holometabola
-	Aparaglossata
-	Mecopterida
superorder	Antliophora
order	Mecoptera	Packard 1886
suborder	Pistillifera	Willmann 1987
infraorder	Raptipedia	Willmann 1987
family	Bittacidae	Handlirsch 1906
genus	Bittacus	Latreille 1802

Scientific Name

Bittacus Latreille, 1802

Name Published In

Latreille, Pierre A. 1802. Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes. rédigé par C. S. Sonnini. F. Dufart, Paris. Vol. 3: i-xii; 13-467.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Bittacus	genus	belongs to Panorpatae	stated with evidence	Latreille, 1802
Bittacus	genus	belongs to Bittacidae	stated with evidence	Willmann, 1978
Bittacus	genus	belongs to Bittacidae	stated without evidence	Carpenter, 1992
Bittacus	genus	belongs to Bittacidae	stated with evidence	Novokshonov, 1993

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

1 (17%)

First Recorded Appearance

99.6 - 93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Insecta)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Arthropoda)

Taphonomy

chitin (based on Insecta)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

P. A. Latreille. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes, Tome Troisième

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittacus

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Bittacus aequalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus africanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus alexanderi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus alluaudi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus andinus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus angrensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus annae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus aripuanaensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus aripuanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus armatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus banksi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus berlandi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus biamensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Bittacus bicornis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus bifurcatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus blancheti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus boraceiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus boranicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus brasiliensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus brunipennis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus brunneus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus bullatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus burgeoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus byersi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus capensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus caprai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus carpenteri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus chevalieri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus chilensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus chlorostigma species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus choui species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus chujoi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus cirratus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus coheri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus contumax species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus coreanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus cottrelli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus cruzi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus diaoluoshanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus discors species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus disternum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus diversinervis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus egestionis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	50.3 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Bittacus elisabethae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus eremus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus erythrostigma species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus femoralis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus ferreirai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus flavescens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus flavidus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus formosanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus fritzi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus froehlichi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus fumosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus geniculatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus goldbachi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus gressitti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus hageni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus hainanicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus hansoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus henryi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus homburgerae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus imatongensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus indicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus insularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus issikii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus italicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus kagoshimaensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus kimminsi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus kunenensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus lachlani species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus laevipes species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus latipennis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus latreillei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus lepiduscretaceus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Bittacus leptocaudus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus leptocercus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus lii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus lineatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus livingstonei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus maculatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus maculosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus malaisei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus marginatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus mastrillii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus mexicanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus milleri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus monastyrskiyi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus montanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus moschinus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus nebulosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus nipponicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus nodosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus obscurus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus occidentis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus omega species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus oreinus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus panamensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus parkeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus peninsularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus peringueyi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus peterseni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus pieli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus pignatellii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus pilicornis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus pinguipalpi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus pintoi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus planus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus pobeguini species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus punctiger species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus puripennatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus rossi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus saigusai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus schoutedeni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus selysi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus sinensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus sinicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus sjostedti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus smithersi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus sobrinus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus sonani species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus spatulatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus stanleyi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus stigmaterus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus striatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus strigatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus strigosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus succinus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Bittacus sylvaticus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus takaoensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus taraiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus tarsalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus testaceus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus texanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus tienmushana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus tjederi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus trapezoideus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus triangularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus tuxeni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus ussuriensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus varzeanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus veternus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Bittacus vexilliferus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus vumbanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus wahlbergi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus walkeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus weelei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus whartoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus willmanni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus wui species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus zambezinus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus zelichi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus zhejiangensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bittacus zulu species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Panorpa veterna species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Pittacus Billberg, 1820	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Bittacidae : *Pittacus*
Neobittacus Esben-Petersen, 1914	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Bittacidae : *Neobittacus*
Thyridates Navás, 1908	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Mecoptera : Bittacidae : *Thyridates*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1802	Bittacus Latreille p. 295
1978	Bittacus Willmann p. 98
1980	Bittacus Jarzembowski p. 262
1992	Bittacus Carpenter
1993	Bittacus Novokshonov p. 86
2018	Bittacus Li et al. p. 93

References

Latreille P. A. , Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes, Tome Troisième, 1-467

Willmann R. (1978) Mecoptera (Insecta, Holometabola), Fossilum Catalogus, Animalia 124, 1-139

Jarzembowski E. A. (1980) Fossil Insects from the Bembridge Marls, Palaeogene of the Isle of Wight, Southern England, Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology) 33 4, 237-293

Carpenter F. M. (1992) , Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part R, Arthropoda 4: Superclass Hexapoda 3/4, 1-655

Novokshonov V. G. (1993) Mückenhafte (Mecoptera Bittacidae) aus dem Jura, Kreide und Paläogen von Eurasien und ihre phylogenetischen Beziehungen, Russian Entomological Journal 2, 75-86

Li S., Zhang W. W., et al (2018) A new species of hangingfly (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from the mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber, Cretaceous Research 89, 92-97

Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Fabio Siqueira P. Godoi, and José Albertino Rafael, 2009: Neotropical Mecoptera (Insecta): New generic synonymies, new combinations, key to families and genera, and checklist of species. Zootaxa, no. 2148. 27-38. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Penny, Norman D., and George W. Byers, 1979: A Check-List of the Mecoptera of the World. Acta Amazonica, vol. 9, no. 2. 365-388. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sonnini's Buffon, Ins., 3 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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