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Chondrostei

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	90685	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=90685

Rank

subclass (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Chondrostei

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
superclass	Actinopterygii
class	Actinopteri
infraclass	Chondrostei	Müller 1844

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Chondrostei	suborder	belongs to Actinopterygii	stated with evidence	Gadow, 1898
Chondrostei	order	belongs to Actinopteri	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Chondrostei	subclass	belongs to Hypostomata	stated without evidence	Jaekel, 1911
Chondrostei	order	belongs to Actinopterygii	stated without evidence	Heintz, 1934
Chondrostei	order	belongs to Ganoidei	stated without evidence	Jordan, 1963
Chondrostei	infraclass	belongs to Actinopterygii	stated without evidence	Applegate, 1970
Chondrostei	unranked clade	belongs to Actinopteri	stated without evidence	Grande et al., 2002
Chondrostei	subclass	belongs to Actinopterygii	stated without evidence	Nelson, 2006
Chondrostei	unranked clade	belongs to Actinopteri	stated without evidence	Grande and Hilton, 2006
Chondrostei	subclass	belongs to Actinopterygii	stated without evidence	Long, 2011
Chondrostei	subclass	belongs to Actinopteri	stated with evidence	Betancur-R et al., 2013
Chondrostei	unranked clade	belongs to Actinopterygii	stated without evidence	Carnevale and Godfrey, 2018

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

772

Extant Size (PBDB)

34 (4.4%)

First Recorded Appearance

384 - 382 Ma
Devonian

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Actinopterygii)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

E. Daly. 1973. A Lower Permian vertebrate fauna from southern Oklahoma. Journal of Paleontology 47(3):562-589

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Acipenseriformes order	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	233	252 Ma Permian	0 Ma Extant
Cheirolepiformes order	listed (PBDB)	3	269 Ma Permian	268 Ma Permian
Guidayichthyiformes ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Guildayichthyiformes ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Luganoiiformes ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	18	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	242 Ma Middle Triassic
Palaeonisciformes ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	820	384 Ma Middle Devonian	122 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Perleidiformes ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	250	252 Ma Permian	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Phanerorhynchiformes order	listed (PBDB)
Pholidopleuriformes ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	43	260 Ma Permian	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Polyodonti order	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Ptycholepiformes ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	91	252 Ma Permian	152 Ma Late Jurassic
Saurichthyiformes ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	295	265 Ma Permian	168 Ma Middle Jurassic
Sturii order	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Asterodontidae family	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Dictyopygidae family	listed (PBDB)	1	201 Ma Early Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Diphyodontidae family	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Neochallaia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	2	242 Ma Middle Triassic	237 Ma Middle Triassic

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1844	Chondrostei Müller
1898	Chondrostei Gadow p. 8
1902	Chondrostei Hay p. 365
1911	Chondrostei Jaekel p. 49
1934	Chondrostei Heintz p. S187
1946	Chondrostei Dunkle p. 402
1963	Chondrostei Jordan p. 611
1970	Chondrostei Applegate p. 398
1973	Chondrostei Daly p. 564

Year	Name and Author
1981	Chondrostei Thurmond and Jones p. 80
2002	Chondrostei Grande et al.
2006	Chondrostei Grande and Hilton p. 5
2006	Chondrostei Nelson
2011	Chondrostei Long p. 242
2012	Chondrostei Fierstine et al. p. 11
2013	Chondrostei Betancur-R. et al.
2018	Chondrostei Carnevale and Godfrey p. 163
2019	Chondrostei Ebersole et al. p. 150

References

Daly E. (1973) A Lower Permian vertebrate fauna from southern Oklahoma, Journal of Paleontology 47 3, 562-589

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Jaekel O. (1911) , Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms], viii-252

Heintz A. (1934) Fischreste aus dem Unterperm Norwegens, Sonderabdruck aus Norsk geologisk tidsskrift B 14, S176-S194

Dunkle D. H. (1946) A new palaeoniscoid fish from the Lower Permian of Texas, Journal of the Washington Academy of Science 36, 402-409

Jordan D. S. (1963) The Genera of Fishes and a Classification of Fishes, Stanford University Press, 1-816

Applegate S. P. (1970) The vertebrate fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama, Fieldiana: Geology Memoires 3 8, 385-433

Thurmond J. T., Jones D. E. (1981) , Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama, 1-244

Grande L., Jin F., et al (2002) Protopsephurus liui, a Well-Preserved Primitive Paddlefish (Acipenseriformes: Polyodontidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of China, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22 2, 209-237

Grande L., Hilton E. J. (2006) An exquisitely preserved skeleton representing a primitive sturgeon from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of Montana (Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae: n. gen. and sp.), The Paleontological Society Memoir 65, Journal of Paleontology 80 4, suppl., 1-39

Nelson J. S. (2006) , Fishes of the world, 4th edition, 1-601

Long J. A. (2011) , The Rise of Fishes: 500 Million Years of Evolution (Second Edition), 1-287

Fierstine H. L., Huddleston R. W., et al (2012) Catalog of the Neogene bony fishes of California: A ystematic inventory of all published accounts, Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 159, 1-206

Betancur-R. R., Broughton R. E., et al (2013) The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes, PLOS Currents Tree of Life doi:10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288

Carnevale G., Godfrey S. J. (2018) Miocene Bony Fishes of the Calvert, Choptank, St. Marys, and Eastover Formations, Chesapeake Group, Maryland and Virginia, Smithsonian Contribution to Paleobiology, 161-212

Ebersole J. A., Cicimurri D. J., et al (2019) Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, European Journal of Taxonomy 585, 1-274 doi:10.5852/ejt.2019.585

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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