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Paleoparadoxiidae ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	96775	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=96775

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Desmostyloidea : Paleoparadoxiidae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
order	Perissodactyla
order	Desmostylia	Reinhart 1953
order	Desmostyloidea	Abel 1933
family	Paleoparadoxiidae	Reinhart 1959

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Paleoparadoxiidae	family	belongs to Desmostyliformes	stated without evidence	Reinhart, 1959
Paleoparadoxiidae	family	belongs to Desmostylia	stated without evidence	Barnes and Goedert, 2001
Paleoparadoxiidae	family	belongs to Desmostyloidea	stated with evidence	Matsui and Tsuihiji, 2019

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

28.1 - 23.0 Ma
Cenozoic

Last Recorded Appearance

11.6 - 5.3 Ma
Miocene

Environment

coastal (based on Desmostylia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Desmostylia)

Diet

herbivore (based on Desmostylia)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Desmostylia)

Ontogeny

modification of parts (based on Desmostylia)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite (based on Desmostylia)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. H. Reinhart. 1959. A review of the Sirenia and Desmostylia. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 36(1):1-146

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Behemotopsinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Paleoparadoxiinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Archaeoparadoxia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Neoparadoxia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	13.8 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Paleoparadoxia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	53	23.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1959	Paleoparadoxidae Reinhart p. 94
2001	Paleoparadoxiidae Barnes and Goedert p. 18
2002	Paleoparadoxiidae Saegusa p. 4
2006	Paleoparadoxiidae Inuzuka et al. p. 3
2007	Paleoparadoxiidae Domning and Barnes p. 749
2008	Paleoparadoxiidae Hasegawa and Kimura p. 16
2009	Paleoparadoxiidae Rice p. 235 figs. Table 1
2011	Paleoparadoxiidae Boessenecker p. 2

Year	Name and Author
2014	Paleoparadoxiidae Fukuchi and Suzuki p. 8
2014	Paleoparadoxiidae Hasegawa et al. p. 71
2015	Paleoparadoxiidae Matsui and Kawabe p. 256
2017	Paleoparadoxiidae Berta p. 171
2018	Paleoparadoxiidae Domning p. 251
2018	Paleoparadoxiidae Matsui et al. p. 6
2019	Paleoparadoxiidae Matsui and Tsuihiji p. 10

References

Reinhart R. H. (1959) A review of the Sirenia and Desmostylia, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 36 1, 1-146

Barnes L. G., Goedert J. L. (2001) Stratigraphy and paleoecology of Oligocene and Miocene desmostylian occurrences in Western Washington State, U.S.A., Bulletin of the Ashoro Museum of Paleontology 2, 7-22

Saegusa H. (2002) A partial skeleton of Paleoparadoxia from San-yama, Ogano-cho, Saitama Prefecture, central Japan, Nature and Human Activities 7, 1-25

Inuzuka N., Sawamura H., et al (2006) Paleoparadoxia and the Nishikurosawa specimen from Oga, Akita, northern Japan, Annual Report of the Akita Prefectural Museum 31, 1-28

Domning D. P., Barnes L. G. (2007) A new name for the 'Stanford Skeleton' of Paleoparadoxia (Mammalia, Desmostylia), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 3, 748-751

Hasegawa Y., Kimura T. (2008) On the two large specimens of Paleoparadoxia (Middle Miocene) from Western Gunma Prefecture, Japan, Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History 12, 15-33

Boessenecker R. W. (2011) Herpetocetine (Cetacea: Mysticeti) dentaries from the Upper Miocene Santa Margarita Sandstone of Central California, PaleoBios 30 1, 1-12

Fukuchi A., Suzuki S. (2014) Paleoparadoxia from the middle Miocene of Obara, Misaki-cho, Okayama Prefecture, Japan, Okayama University Earth Science Reports 21 1, 7-11

Hasegawa Y., Asami K., et al (2014) On the Early Miocene Paleoparadoxia from the Upper Sankebetsu Formation at Chikubetsu River, Tomamae-gun, north-western Hokaido, Japan, Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History 18, 69-76

Matsui K., Kawabe S. (2015) The Oldest Record of Paleoparadoxia from the Northwest Pacific with an Implication on the Early Evolution of Paleoparadoxiinae (Mammalia: Desmostylia), Paleontological Research 19 3, 251-265 doi:10.2517/2015PR007

Berta A. (2017) , The Rise of Marine Mammals: 50 Million Years of Evolution, 1-198

Matsui K., Kimura Y., et al (2018) A long-forgotten ‘dinosaur’ bone from a museum cabinet, uncovered to be\r\na Japan’s iconic extinct mammal, Paleoparadoxia (Desmostylia, Mammalia), Royal Society Open Science 5, 172441 doi:10.1098/rsos.172441

Matsui K., Tsuihiji T. (2019) The phylogeny of desmostylians revisited: proposal of new clades based on robust phylogenetic hypotheses, PeerJ 7, e7430 doi:10.7717/peerj.7430

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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