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Borophaginae ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	83323	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=83323

Rank

subfamily (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Borophaginae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Laurasiatheria	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Scrotifera	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Ferae	Linnaeus 1758
-	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
-	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora	Bowditch 1821
suborder	Caniformia	Kretzoi 1943
superfamily	Canoidea	Simpson 1931
family	Canidae	Fischer 1817
subfamily	Borophaginae	Simpson 1945

Common Name

bone-crushing dog

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Borophaginae	subfamily	belongs to Canidae	stated without evidence	Bjork, 1970
Borophaginae	subfamily	belongs to Canidae	stated with evidence	Wang et al., 2004
Borophaginae	subfamily	belongs to Canidae	stated without evidence	Hulbert and Whitmore, 2006

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

104

First Recorded Appearance

33.9 - 33.3 Ma
Oligocene

Last Recorded Appearance

4.90 - 1.80 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore, omnivore (based on Canidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

X. Wang, B. C. Wideman, and R. Nichols, D. L. Hanneman. 2004. A new species of Aelurodon (Carnivora, Canidae) from the Barstovian of Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(2):445-452

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Borophagini ✝ tribe	listed (PBDB)	806	30.8 Ma Oligocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Phlaocyonini ✝ tribe	listed (PBDB)	127	33.3 Ma Oligocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Archaeocyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	37	33.3 Ma Oligocene	30.8 Ma Oligocene
Otarocyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	33.9 Ma Oligocene	30.8 Ma Oligocene
Oxetocyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	33.3 Ma Oligocene	33.3 Ma Oligocene
Rhizocyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	30.8 Ma Oligocene	30.8 Ma Oligocene
Tomarctus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	60	23.0 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1945	Borophaginae Simpson
1970	Borophaginae Bjork p. 14
1992	Borophaginae Wang and Tedford p. 225
1999	Borophaginae Wang et al. p. 21
2004	Borophaginae Wang et al. p. 445
2006	Borophaginae Hulbert and Whitmore p. 5
2016	Borophaginae Tseng and Geisler p. 1
2019	Borophaginae Albright et al. p. 172

References

Wang X., Wideman B. C., et al (2004) A new species of Aelurodon (Carnivora, Canidae) from the Barstovian of Montana, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 2, 445-452

Bjork P. R. (1970) The Carnivora of the Hagerman Local Fauna (Late Pliocene) of Southwestern Idaho, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 60 7, 3-54

Wang X., Tedford R. H. (1992) The status of genus Nothocyon Matthew, 1899 (Carnivora): an arctoid not a canid, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12 2, 223-229

Wang X., Tedford R. H., et al (1999) Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora: Canidae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 243, 1-392

Hulbert R. C., Whitmore F. C. (2006) Late Miocene mammals from the Mauvilla Local Fauna, Alabama, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 46 1, 1-28

Tseng Z. J., Geisler J. H. (2016) The First Fossil Record of Borophagine Dogs (Mammalia, Carnivora) from South Carolina, U.S.A., Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 2, e1062022 doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1062022

Albright L. B., Sanders A. E., et al (2019) Cenozoic vertebrate biostratigraphy of South Carolina, U.S.A. and additions to the fauna, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 57 2, 77-236

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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